<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE PubmedArticleSet PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD PubMedArticle, 1st January 2025//EN" "https://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/out/pubmed_250101.dtd">
<PubmedArticleSet>
<PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">36799942</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2023</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2025</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>21</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1550-5057</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>46</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><MedlineDate>2023 Apr-Jun 01</MedlineDate></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Family &amp; community health</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Fam Community Health</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Parental Sexuality Disclosure, Discrimination, and Depression Among Black Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>95</StartPage><EndPage>102</EndPage><MedlinePgn>95-102</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1097/FCH.0000000000000360</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Racial and sexuality-based discrimination can induce depressive symptoms among Black sexual minority men and transgender women (BSMM/BTW). BSMM and BTW who disclose their sexuality to parents may be better prepared to cope with discrimination. We explored the relationship between discrimination and depression among BSMM and BTW and whether parental disclosure modified this relationship. Secondary analysis of The MARI Study was used to test the relationship between discrimination and depression modified by level of disclosure of sexuality to parents among 580 BSMM and BTW in Jackson, Mississippi, and Atlanta, Georgia. Bivariate tests and linear regression models were stratified by sexuality disclosure to parents. Discrimination was associated with greater depression, with significant dose-response modification across levels of disclosure. After adjustment, maximum discrimination scores were associated with depression scores 10.7 units higher among participants with very open disclosure (95% CI, 10.4-11.8), 15.3 units higher among participants with somewhat open disclosure (95% CI, 3.7-26.9), and 19.5 units higher among participants with no disclosure (95% CI, 10.2-26.8). Disclosure of sexuality to supportive parents can substantially benefit the mental health of BSMM and BTW. Future studies should explore intervention approaches to providing social support for BSMM and BTW in unsupportive families.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright &#xa9; 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Turpin</LastName><ForeName>Rodman E</ForeName><Initials>RE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Dr Turpin); George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia (Dr Dangerfield); School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (Mr Oke); and Us Helping Us, People Into Living Inc, Washington, District of Columbia (Drs Hickson and Dangerfield, and Mr Oke).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dangerfield</LastName><ForeName>Derek T</ForeName><Initials>DT</Initials><Suffix>2nd</Suffix></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oke</LastName><ForeName>Temitope</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hickson</LastName><ForeName>DeMarc A</ForeName><Initials>DA</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>U48 DP006382</GrantID><Acronym>DP</Acronym><Agency>NCCDPHP CDC HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 MH130166</GrantID><Acronym>MH</Acronym><Agency>NIMH NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U01 PS003315</GrantID><Acronym>PS</Acronym><Agency>NCHHSTP CDC HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>K01 MD016346</GrantID><Acronym>MD</Acronym><Agency>NIMHD NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P30 AI117970</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013487">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Fam Community Health</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7809641</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0160-6379</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001741" MajorTopicYN="N">Black or African American</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003863" MajorTopicYN="Y">Depression</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010290" MajorTopicYN="N">Parents</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000072339" MajorTopicYN="Y">Sexual and Gender Minorities</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019529" MajorTopicYN="N">Sexuality</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D063106" MajorTopicYN="Y">Transgender Persons</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012650" MajorTopicYN="N">Self Disclosure</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D063508" MajorTopicYN="N">Social Discrimination</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000092802" MajorTopicYN="N">Family Support</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><CoiStatement>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2023</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>11</Hour><Minute>12</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2023</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2023</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2024</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>1</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">36799942</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1097/FCH.0000000000000360</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">00003727-202304000-00002</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC9942094</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">NIHMS1851966</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Hussen SA, Easley KA, Smith JC, et al. Social Capital, Depressive Symptoms, and HIV Viral Suppression Among Young Black, Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(9):3024&#x2013;3032.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6076871</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29619586</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Wade R, Harper GW, Bauermeister JA. Psychosocial Functioning and Decisional Balance to Use Condoms in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample of Young Gay/Bisexual Men Who Have Sex with Men. Arch Sex Behav. 2018;47(1):195&#x2013;204.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5569003</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28233112</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Friedman MR, Bukowski L, Eaton LA, et al. Psychosocial Health Disparities Among Black Bisexual Men in the U.S.: Effects of Sexuality Nondisclosure and Gay Community Support. Arch Sex Behav. 2019;48(1):213&#x2013;224.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6173653</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29623533</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mereish EH, Sheskier M, Hawthorne DJ, Goldbach JT. Sexual orientation disparities in mental health and substance use among Black American young people in the USA: effects of cyber and bias-based victimisation. Cult Health Sex. 2019;21(9):985&#x2013;998.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6602804</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30601086</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Solomon H, Linton SL, Del Rio C, Hussen SA. Housing Instability, Depression, and HIV Viral Load Among Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Atlanta, Georgia. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2020;31(2):219&#x2013;227.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31369417</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mueller AS, James W, Abrutyn S, Levin ML. Suicide ideation and bullying among .S.U.S. adolescents: examining the intersections of sexual orientation, gender, and race/ethnicity. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(5):980&#x2013;985.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4386523</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25790421</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Baiden P, LaBrenz CA, Asiedua-Baiden G, Muehlenkamp JJ. Examining the intersection of race/ethnicity and sexual orientation on suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adolescents: Findings from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. J Psychiatr Res. 2020;125:13&#x2013;20.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32179279</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Vu M, Li J, Haardorfer R, Windle M, Berg CJ. Mental health and substance use among women and men at the intersections of identities and experiences of discrimination: insights from the intersectionality framework. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):108.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6345035</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30674293</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Buttram ME. The Social Environmental Context of Resilience Among Substance-Using African American/Black Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Homosex. 2020;67(6):816&#x2013;832.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6612474</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30614402</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Meyer IH, Teylan M, Schwartz S. The role of help-seeking in preventing suicide attempts among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2015;45(1):25&#x2013;36.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4871112</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24825437</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Meyer CS, Schreiner PJ, Lim K, Battapady H, Launer LJ. Depressive Symptomatology, Racial Discrimination Experience, and Brain Tissue Volumes Observed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(4):656&#x2013;663.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6438808</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30657841</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Meyer IH. Minority stress and mental health in gay men. J Health Soc Behav. 1995;36(1):38&#x2013;56.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7738327</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Meyer IH. Does an improved social environment for sexual and gender minorities have implications for a new minority stress research agenda? Psychol Sex Rev. 2016;7(1):81&#x2013;90.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5019488</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27642514</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Bregman HR, Malik NM, Page MJ, Makynen E, Lindahl KM. Identity profiles in lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: the role of family influences. J Youth Adolesc. 2013;42(3):417&#x2013;430.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC3500574</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22847752</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Grafsky EL, Hickey K, Nguyen HN, Wall J.D. Youth Disclosure of Sexual Orientation to Siblings and Extended Family. Fam Relat. 2018;67(1):147&#x2013;160.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5858758</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29568144</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Rothman EF, Sullivan M, Keyes S, Boehmer U. Parents&#x2019; supportive reactions to sexual orientation disclosure associated with better health: results from a population-based survey of LGB adults in Massachusetts. J Homosex. 2012;59(2):186&#x2013;200.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC3313451</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22335417</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Anderson RE, McKenny MC, Stevenson HC. EMBRace: Developing a Racial Socialization Intervention to Reduce Racial Stress and Enhance Racial Coping among Black Parents and Adolescents. Fam Process. 2019;58(1):53&#x2013;67.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8807350</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30552778</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Dyer TV, Turpin RE, Stall R, et al. Latent Profile Analysis of a Syndemic of Vulnerability Factors on Incident STI in a Cohort of Black Men who have Sex with Men Only (BMSMO) and Black Men who have Sex with Men and Women (BMSMW) in the HPTN061 Study. Sex Transm Dis. 2020.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7442627</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32496390</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Bowleg L, Maria Del Rio-Gonzalez A, Mbaba M, Boone CA, Holt SL. Negative Police Encounters and Police Avoidance as Pathways to Depressive Symptoms Among US Black Men, 2015&#x2013;2016. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(S1):S160&#x2013;S166.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6987946</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31967888</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Katz-Wise SL, Rosario M, Tsappis M. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth and Family Acceptance. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2016;63(6):1011&#x2013;1025.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5127283</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27865331</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Souleymanov R, Brennan DJ, George C, Utama R, Ceranto A. Experiences of racism, sexual objectification and alcohol use among gay and bisexual men of colour. Ethn Health. 2020;25(4):525&#x2013;541.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29457468</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Pollitt AM, Mallory AB, Fish JN. Homophobic Bullying and Sexual Minority Youth Alcohol Use: Do Sex and Race/Ethnicity Matter? LGBT Health. 2018;5(7):412&#x2013;420.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6207147</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30334685</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Rosengren AL, Menza TW, LeGrand S, Muessig KE, Bauermeister JA, Hightow-Weidman LB. Stigma and Mobile App Use Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men. AIDS Educ Prev. 2019;31(6):523&#x2013;537.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6938279</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31815533</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>McConnell EA, Janulis P, Phillips G, 2nd, Truong R, Birkett M Multiple Minority Stress and LGBT Community Resilience among Sexual Minority Men. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2018;5(1):1&#x2013;12.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5846479</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29546228</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Moore S, Jones M, Smith JC, et al. Homonegativity Experienced over the Life Course by Young Black Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (YB-GBMSM) Living with HIV in Atlanta, Georgia. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(Suppl 3):266&#x2013;275.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8380492</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31463712</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Storholm ED, Huang W, Siconolfi DE, et al. Sources of Resilience as Mediators of the Effect of Minority Stress on Stimulant Use and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Young Black Men who have Sex with Men. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(12):3384&#x2013;3395.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6919270</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31273490</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Ogunbajo A, Iwuagwu S, Williams R, et al. Validation of depressive symptoms, social support, and minority stress scales among gay, bisexual, and other men who have with men (GBMSM) in Nigeria, Africa: a mixed methods approach. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1023.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7325044</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32600303</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Hickson DA, Truong NL, Smith-Bankhead N, et al. Rationale, Design and Methods of the Ecological Study of Sexual Behaviors and HIV/STI among African American Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Southeastern United States (The MARI Study). PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0143823.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4689542</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26700018</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Williams DR, Yan Y, Jackson JS, Anderson NB. Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health: Socio-economic Status, Stress and Discrimination. J Health Psychol. 1997;2(3):335&#x2013;351.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22013026</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Falak S, Safdar F, Nuzhat Ul A. Perceived discrimination, social support, and psychological distress in transgender individuals. Psych J. 2020.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32618064</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement. 1977;1(3):385&#x2013;401.</Citation></Reference><Reference><Citation>Kim J, Chung H, Askew RL, et al. Translating CESD-20 and PHQ-9 Scores to PROMIS Depression. Assessment. 2017;24(3):300&#x2013;307.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26423348</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Sv Buuren. Flexible imputation of missing data. 2018.</Citation></Reference><Reference><Citation>SAS Institute Inc. SAS 9.4 Help and Documentation. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.; 2014.</Citation></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle></PubmedArticleSet>