American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

185776992008093020251218

0193-184929522008AugAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolismAm J Physiol Endocrinol MetabThe facilitative glucose transporter GLUT3: 20 years of distinction.E242E253E242-5310.1152/ajpendo.90388.2008Glucose metabolism is vital to most mammalian cells, and the passage of glucose across cell membranes is facilitated by a family of integral membrane transporter proteins, the GLUTs. There are currently 14 members of the SLC2 family of GLUTs, several of which have been the focus of this series of reviews. The subject of the present review is GLUT3, which, as implied by its name, was the third glucose transporter to be cloned (Kayano T, Fukumoto H, Eddy RL, Fan YS, Byers MG, Shows TB, Bell GI. J Biol Chem 263: 15245-15248, 1988) and was originally designated as the neuronal GLUT. The overriding question that drove the early work on GLUT3 was why would neurons need a separate glucose transporter isoform? What is it about GLUT3 that specifically suits the needs of the highly metabolic and oxidative neuron with its high glucose demand? More recently, GLUT3 has been studied in other cell types with quite specific requirements for glucose, including sperm, preimplantation embryos, circulating white blood cells, and an array of carcinoma cell lines. The last are sufficiently varied and numerous to warrant a review of their own and will not be discussed here. However, for each of these cases, the same questions apply. Thus, the objective of this review is to discuss the properties and tissue and cellular localization of GLUT3 as well as the features of expression, function, and regulation that distinguish it from the rest of its family and make it uniquely suited as the mediator of glucose delivery to these specific cells.SimpsonIan AIADepartment of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. ixs10@psu.eduDwyerDonardDMalideDanielaDMoleyKelle HKHTravisAlexanderAVannucciSusan JSJengHD 040810HDNICHD NIH HHSUnited StatesDK 070351DKNIDDK NIH HHSUnited StatesRR 00188RRNCRR NIH HHSUnited StatesDK 075130DKNIDDK NIH HHSUnited StatesNS 041405NSNINDS NIH HHSUnited StatesHD 045664HDNICHD NIH HHSUnited StatesJournal ArticleResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tReview20080624

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