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<PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Manual"><PMID Version="1">9389750</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>1998</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0021-9738</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>100</Volume><Issue>11</Issue><PubDate><Year>1997</Year><Month>Dec</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of clinical investigation</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Clin Invest</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Vitamin C crosses the blood-brain barrier in the oxidized form through the glucose transporters.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>2842</StartPage><EndPage>2848</EndPage><MedlinePgn>2842-8</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Vitamin C concentrations in the brain exceed those in blood by 10-fold. In both tissues, the vitamin is present primarily in the reduced form, ascorbic acid. We identified the chemical form of vitamin C that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and the mechanism of this process. Ascorbic acid was not able to cross the blood-brain barrier in our studies. In contrast, the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid (oxidized ascorbic acid), readily entered the brain and was retained in the brain tissue in the form of ascorbic acid. Transport of dehydroascorbic acid into the brain was inhibited by d-glucose, but not by l-glucose. The facilitative glucose transporter, GLUT1, is expressed on endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier, and is responsible for glucose entry into the brain. This study provides evidence showing that GLUT1 also transports dehydroascorbic acid into the brain. The findings define the transport of dehydroascorbic acid by GLUT1 as a mechanism by which the brain acquires vitamin C, and point to the oxidation of ascorbic acid as a potentially important regulatory step in accumulation of the vitamin by the brain. These results have implications for increasing antioxidant potential in the central nervous system.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agus</LastName><ForeName>D B</ForeName><Initials>DB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. d-agus@ski.mskcc.org</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gambhir</LastName><ForeName>S S</ForeName><Initials>SS</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pardridge</LastName><ForeName>W M</ForeName><Initials>WM</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spielholz</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baselga</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vera</LastName><ForeName>J C</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Golde</LastName><ForeName>D W</ForeName><Initials>DW</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>P30CA08748</GrantID><Acronym>CA</Acronym><Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01CA30388</GrantID><Acronym>CA</Acronym><Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01HL42107</GrantID><Acronym>HL</Acronym><Agency>NHLBI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013487">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Clin Invest</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7802877</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0021-9738</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051272">Glucose Transporter Type 1</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D009004">Monosaccharide Transport Proteins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C495678">Slc2a1 protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C495679">Slc2a1 protein, rat</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>9G2MP84A8W</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D003847">Deoxyglucose</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>PQ6CK8PD0R</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D001205">Ascorbic Acid</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>Y2Z3ZTP9UM</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D003683">Dehydroascorbic Acid</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001205" MajorTopicYN="N">Ascorbic Acid</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000493" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacokinetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001345" MajorTopicYN="N">Autoradiography</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001812" MajorTopicYN="Y">Blood-Brain Barrier</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001921" MajorTopicYN="N">Brain</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002199" MajorTopicYN="N">Capillary Permeability</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003683" MajorTopicYN="N">Dehydroascorbic Acid</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000493" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacokinetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003847" MajorTopicYN="N">Deoxyglucose</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051272" MajorTopicYN="N">Glucose Transporter Type 1</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007091" MajorTopicYN="N">Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007700" MajorTopicYN="N">Kinetics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008807" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Inbred BALB C</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009004" MajorTopicYN="N">Monosaccharide Transport Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010084" MajorTopicYN="N">Oxidation-Reduction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011859" MajorTopicYN="N">Radiography</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051381" MajorTopicYN="N">Rats</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011916" MajorTopicYN="N">Rats, Inbred F344</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>1998</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>1998</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>1998</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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