{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Manual"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"11062258"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"2000","Month":"12","Day":"07"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2024","Month":"09","Day":"22"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Print"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Print"},"@text":"0021-9525"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Print"},"Volume":"151","Issue":"3","PubDate":{"Year":"2000","Month":"Oct","Day":"30"}},"Title":"The Journal of cell biology","ISOAbbreviation":"J Cell Biol"},"ArticleTitle":"Cytokeratins 8 and 19 in the mouse placental development.","Pagination":{"StartPage":"563","EndPage":"572","MedlinePgn":"563-72"},"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["To investigate the expression and biological roles of cytokeratin 19 (K19) in development and in adult tissues, we inactivated the mouse K19 gene (Krt1-19) by inserting a bacterial beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, and established germ line mutant mice. Both heterozygous and homozygous mutant mice were viable, fertile, and appeared normal. By 7.5-8.0 days post coitum (dpc), heterozygous mutant embryos expressed lacZ in the notochordal plate and hindgut diverticulum, reflecting the fact that the notochord and the gut endoderm are derived from the axial mesoderm-originated cells. In the adult mutant, lacZ was expressed mainly in epithelial tissues. To investigate the possible functional cooperation and synergy between K19 and K8, we then constructed compound homozygous mutants, whose embryos died approximately 10 dpc. The lethality resulted from defects in the placenta where both K19 and K8 are normally expressed. As early as 9. 5 dpc, the compound mutant placenta had an excessive number of giant trophoblasts, but lacked proper labyrinthine trophoblast or spongiotrophoblast development, which apparently caused flooding of the maternal blood into the embryonic placenta. These results indicate that K19 and K8 cooperate in ensuring the normal development of placental tissues."]},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Tamai","ForeName":"Y","Initials":"Y","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute (Merck), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Ishikawa","ForeName":"T","Initials":"T"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"B\u00f6sl","ForeName":"M R","Initials":"MR"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Mori","ForeName":"M","Initials":"M"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Nozaki","ForeName":"M","Initials":"M"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Baribault","ForeName":"H","Initials":"H"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Oshima","ForeName":"R G","Initials":"RG"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Taketo","ForeName":"M M","Initials":"MM"}]},"Language":["eng"],"GrantList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Grant":[{"GrantID":"R25 CA094061","Acronym":"CA","Agency":"NCI NIH HHS","Country":"United States"},{"GrantID":"T32 CA094061","Acronym":"CA","Agency":"NCI NIH HHS","Country":"United States"},{"GrantID":"CA42302","Acronym":"CA","Agency":"NCI NIH HHS","Country":"United States"}]},"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013485"},"@text":"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013487"},"@text":"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."}]}},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"United States","MedlineTA":"J Cell Biol","NlmUniqueID":"0375356","ISSNLinking":"0021-9525"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D012333"},"@text":"RNA, Messenger"}},{"RegistryNumber":"68238-35-7","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D007633"},"@text":"Keratins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"EC 3.2.1.-","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005696"},"@text":"Galactosidases"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000818","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Animals"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D003433","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Crosses, Genetic"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D004622","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Embryo, Mammalian"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000098","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"blood supply"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000196","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"embryology"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005260","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Female"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005313","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Fetal Death"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005317","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Fetal Growth Retardation"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005455","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005696","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Galactosidases"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D017353","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Gene Deletion"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018390","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Gene Targeting"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D017930","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Genes, Reporter"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005838","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Genotype"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018095","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Germ-Line Mutation"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D017403","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"In Situ Hybridization"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D007633","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Keratins"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008297","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Male"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051379","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008810","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice, Inbred C57BL"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008815","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice, Inbred Strains"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018345","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice, Knockout"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D010641","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Phenotype"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D010920","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Placenta"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000098","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"blood supply"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000196","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"embryology"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"metabolism"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000473","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"pathology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D021041","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Placental Circulation"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011247","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Pregnancy"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D012333","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"RNA, Messenger"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000032","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"analysis"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011995","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Recombination, Genetic"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013234","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Stem Cells"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D014327","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Trophoblasts"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000473","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"pathology"}]}]}},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"2000","Month":"11","Day":"4","Hour":"11","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"2001","Month":"2","Day":"28","Hour":"10","Minute":"1"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"2000","Month":"11","Day":"4","Hour":"11","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pmc-release"},"Year":"2001","Month":"4","Day":"30"}]},"PublicationStatus":"ppublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"11062258"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2185583"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.1083\/jcb.151.3.563"}]},"ReferenceList":[{"Reference":[{"Citation":"Bader B.L., Magin T.M., Hatzfeld M., Franke W.W. Amino acid sequence and gene organization of cytokeratin no. 19, an exceptional tail-less intermediate filament protein. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 1986;5:1865\u20131875.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC1167052"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2428612"}]}},{"Citation":"Bader B.L., Jahn L., Franke W.W. Low level expression of cytokeratin 8, 18 and 19 in vascular smooth muscle cells of human umbilical cord and in cultured cells derived therefrom, with an analysis of the chromosomal locus containing the cytokeratin 19 gene. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 1988;47:300\u2013319.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2468493"}]}},{"Citation":"Baribault H., Oshima R.G. Polarized and functional epithelia can form after the targeted inactivation of both mouse keratin 8 alleles. J. Cell Biol. 1991;115:1675\u20131684.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2289210"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1721911"}]}},{"Citation":"Baribault H., Price J., Miyai K., Oshima R.G. Mid-gestational lethality in mice lacking keratin 8. Genes Dev. 1993;7:1191\u20131202.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7686525"}]}},{"Citation":"Baribault H., Penner J., Iozzo R.V., Wilson-Heiner M. Colorectal hyperplasia and inflammation in keratin 8-deficient FVB\/N mice. Genes Dev. 1994;8:2964\u20132973.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7528156"}]}},{"Citation":"Boller K., Kemler R., Baribault H., Doetschman T. Differential distribution of cytokeratins after microinjection of anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 1987;43:459\u2013468.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2441990"}]}},{"Citation":"Bosch F.X., Leube R.E., Achtst\u00e4tter T., Moll R., Franke W.W. Expression of simple epithelial type cytokeratins in stratified epithelia as detected by immunolocalization and hybridization in situ. J. Cell Biol. 1988;106:1635\u20131648.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2115057"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2453518"}]}},{"Citation":"Calnek D., Quaroni A. Differential localization by in situ hybridization of distinct keratin mRNA species during intestinal epithelial cell development and differentiation. Differentiation. 1993;53:95\u2013104.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7689500"}]}},{"Citation":"Caulin C., Ware C.F., Magin T.M., Oshima R.G. Keratin-dependent, epithelial resistance to tumor necrosis factor-independent apoptosis. J. Cell Biol. 2000;149:17\u201322.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2175089"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"10747083"}]}},{"Citation":"Copp A.J. Death before birthclues from gene knockouts and mutations. Trends Genet. 1995;11:87\u201393.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7732578"}]}},{"Citation":"Cross J.C., Werb Z., Fisher S.J. Implantation and the placentakey pieces of the development puzzle. Science. 1994;266:1508\u20131518.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7985020"}]}},{"Citation":"Ecker R.L. Sequence of the human 40-kDa keratin reveals an unusual structure with very high sequence identity to the corresponding bovine keratin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1988;85:1114\u20131118.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC279716"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2448790"}]}},{"Citation":"Franke W.W., Grund C., Kuhn C., Jackson B.W., Illmensee K. Formation of cytoskeletal elements during mouse embryogenesis. III. Primary mesenchymal cells and the first appearance of vimentin filaments. Differentiation. 1982;23:43\u201359.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"6759279"}]}},{"Citation":"Fuchs E. Intermediate filaments and diseasemutations that cripple cell strength. J. Cell Biol. 1994;125:511\u2013516.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2119985"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7513705"}]}},{"Citation":"Guillemot F., Nagy A., Auerbach A., Rossant J., Joyner A.L. Essential role of Mash-2 in extraembryonic development. Nature. 1994;371:333\u2013336.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"8090202"}]}},{"Citation":"Harada N., Tamai Y., Ishikawa T., Sauer B., Takaku K., Oshima M., Taketo M.M. Intestinal polyposis in mice with a dominant stable mutation of the \u03b2-catenin gene. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 1999;18:5931\u20135942.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC1171659"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"10545105"}]}},{"Citation":"Ichinose Y., Hashido K., Miyamoto H., Nagata T., Nozaki M., Morita T., Matsushiro A. Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding mouse cytokeratin No.19. Gene (Amst.) 1989;80:315\u2013323.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2479589"}]}},{"Citation":"Jackson B.W., Grund C., Schmidt E., Burki K., Franke W.W., Illmensee K. Formation of cytoskeletal elements during mouse embryogenesis. Intermediate filaments of the cytokeratin type desmosomes in preimplantation embryos. Differentiation. 1980;17:161\u2013179.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"6161051"}]}},{"Citation":"Jackson B.W., Grund C., Winter S., Franke W.W., Illmensee K. Formation of cytoskeletal elements during mouse embryogenesis, II. Epithelial differentiation and intermediate-sized filaments in early postimplantation embryos. Differentiation. 1981;20:203\u2013216.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7040148"}]}},{"Citation":"Kasper M., Stosiek P., Typlt H., Karsten U. Histological evaluation of three new monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibodies. 1. Normal tissues. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 1987;23:137\u2013147.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2450753"}]}},{"Citation":"Kaufman M.H. The atlas of mouse development 1992. Academic Press, ; London, UK: pp. 1\u201315"},{"Citation":"Kemler R., Br\u00fblet P., Schnebelen M.T., Gaillard J., Jacob F. Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against intermediate filament proteins during embryonic development. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 1981;64:45\u201360.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"6171607"}]}},{"Citation":"Kulesh D.A., Cece\u00f1a G., Darmon Y.M., Vasseur M., Oshima R.G. Posttranslational regulation of keratinsdegradation of mouse and human keratins 18 and 8. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1989;9:1553\u20131565.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC362572"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2471065"}]}},{"Citation":"Kupriyanov S., Baribault H. Genetic control of extraembryonic cell lineages studied with tetraploid \u2194 diploid chimeric concepti. Biochem. Cell Biol. 1998;76:1017\u20131027.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"10392713"}]}},{"Citation":"Lane E.B., Hogan B.L.M., Kurkinen M., Garrels J.I. Co-expression of vimentin and cytokeratins in parietal endoderm cells of early mouse embryo. Nature. 1983;303:701\u2013704.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"6190091"}]}},{"Citation":"Loranger A., Duclos S., Grenier A., Price J., Wilson-Heiner M., Baribault H., Marceau N. Simple epithelium keratins are required for maintenance of hepatocyte integrity. Am. J. Pathol. 1997;151:1673\u20131683.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC1858351"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"9403718"}]}},{"Citation":"Luo J., Sladek R., Bader J., Matthyssen A., Rossant J., Gigu\u00e8re V. Placental abnormalities in mouse embryos lacking the orphan nuclear receptor ERR-\u03b2. Nature. 1997;388:778\u2013782.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"9285590"}]}},{"Citation":"Lussier M., Ouellet T., Lampron C., Lapointe L., Royal A. Mouse keratin 19complete amino acid sequence and gene expression during development. Gene. 1989;85:435\u2013444.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2483396"}]}},{"Citation":"Lussier M., Filion M., Compton J.G., Nadeau J.H., Lapointe L., Royal A. The mouse keratin 19-encoding genesequence and chromosomal assignment. Gene. 1990;95:203\u2013213.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1701153"}]}},{"Citation":"Magin T.M. Lessons from keratin transgenic and knockout mice. In: Herrmann H., Harris J.R., editors. Subcellular Biochemistry. Plenum Publishing Corp; London, UK: 1997.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"9932492"}]}},{"Citation":"Magin T.M., Schr\u00f6der R., Leitgeb S., Wanninger F., Zatloukal K., Grund C., Melton D.W. Lessons from keratin 18 knockout miceformation of novel keratin filaments, secondary loss of keratin 7 and accumulation of liver-specific keratin 8-positive aggregates. J. Cell Biol. 1998;140:1441\u20131451.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2132680"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"9508776"}]}},{"Citation":"McLean W.H., Lane E.B. Intermediate filaments in disease. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1995;7:118\u2013125.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7538772"}]}},{"Citation":"Moll R., Franke W.W., Schiller D.L., Geiger B., Krepler R. The catalog of human cytokeratinspatterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells. Cell. 1982;31:11\u201324.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"6186379"}]}},{"Citation":"Moll R., Schiller D.L., Franke W.W. Identification of protein IT of the intestinal cytoskeleton as a novel type I cytokeratin with unusual properties and expression patterns. J. Cell Biol. 1990;111:567\u2013580.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2116178"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1696264"}]}},{"Citation":"Moll R. Cytokeratin in the histological diagnosis of malignant tumors. Int. J. Biol. Markers. 1994;9:63\u201369.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7523543"}]}},{"Citation":"Nozaki M., Murata K., Morita T., Matsushiro A. Isolation of ENDO A cDNA from mouse 8-cell stage embryos. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1988;154:890\u2013894.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2457370"}]}},{"Citation":"Nozaki M., Mori M., Matsushiro A. The complete sequence of the gene encoding mouse cytokeratin 15. Gene. 1994;138:197\u2013200.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7510260"}]}},{"Citation":"Oshima N., Oshima H., Kitagawa K., Kobayashi M., Itakura C., Taketo M. Loss of Apc heterozygosity and abnormal tissue building in nascent intestinal polyps in mice carrying a truncated Apc gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1995;92:4482\u20134486.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC41968"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7753829"}]}},{"Citation":"Pujol J.L., Grenier J., Daur\u00e8s J.P., Daver A., Pujol H., Michel F.B. Serum fragment of cytokeratin subunit 19 measured by CYFRA 21-1 immunoradiometric assay as a marker of lung cancer. Cancer Res. 1993;53:61\u201366.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7677981"}]}},{"Citation":"Quinlan R.A., Schiller D.L., Hatzfeld M., Achtst\u00e4tter T., Moll R., Jorcano J.L., Magin T.M., Franke W.W. Patterns of expression and organization of cytokeratin intermediate filaments. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1985;455:282\u2013306.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2417517"}]}},{"Citation":"Rasmussen C.A., Pace J.L., Banerjee S., Phillips T.A., Hunt J.S. Trophoblastic cell lines generated from tumor necrosis factor receptor-deficient mice reveal specific functions for the two tumor necrosis factor receptors. Placenta. 1999;20:213\u2013222.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"10195744"}]}},{"Citation":"Riley P., Anson-Cartwright L., Cross J.C. The Hand1 bHLH transcription factor is essential for placentation and cardiac morphogenesis. Nat. Genet. 1998;18:271\u2013275.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"9500551"}]}},{"Citation":"Rossant J., Croy B.A. Genetic identification of tissue of origin of cellular populations within the mouse placenta. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 1985;86:177\u2013198.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"4031739"}]}},{"Citation":"Rossant J. Development of the extraembryonic lineages. Semin. Dev. 1995;6:237\u2013247."},{"Citation":"Saga Y., Hata N., Kobayashi S., Magnuson T., Seldin M.F., Taketo M.M. MesP1a novel basic helix-loop-helix protein expressed in the nascent mesodermal cells during mouse gastrulation. Development. 1996;122:2769\u20132778.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"8787751"}]}},{"Citation":"Shull M., Ormsby I., Kier A.B., Pawlowski S., Diebold R.J., Yin M., Allen R., Sidman C., Proetzel G., Calvin D., Annunziata N., Doetschman T. Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-b1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. Nature. 1992;359:693\u2013699.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC3889166"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1436033"}]}},{"Citation":"Soriano P., Montgomery C., Geske R., Bradley A. Targeted disruption of the c-src proto-oncogene leads to osteoporosis in mice. Cell. 1991;64:693\u2013702.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1997203"}]}},{"Citation":"Stasiak P.C., Purkis P.E., Leigh I.M., Lane E.B. Keratin 19predicted amino acid sequence and broad tissue distribution suggest it evolved from keratinocyte keratins. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1989;92:707\u2013716.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"2469734"}]}},{"Citation":"Steinert P.M., Roop D.R. Molecular and cellular biology of intermediate filaments. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1988;57:593\u2013625.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"3052284"}]}},{"Citation":"Sun T.-T., Eichner R., Schermer A., Cooper D., Nelson W.G., Weiss R.A. Classification, expression, and possible mechanisms of evolution of mammalian keratinsa unifying model. In: Levine A.J., Vande Woude G.F., Topp W.C., Watson J.D., editors. Cancer Cells I, the Transformed Phenotype. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; Cold Spring Harbor, NY: 1984. pp. 169\u2013176."},{"Citation":"Takemoto Y., Fujimura Y., Matsumoto M., Tamai Y., Morita T., Matsushiro A., Nozaki M. The promoter of the endo A cytokeratin gene is activated by a 3\u2032 downstream enhancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991;19:2761\u20132765.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC328198"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1710345"}]}},{"Citation":"Tamai Y., Takemoto Y., Matsumoto M., Morita T., Matsushiro A., Nozaki M. Sequence of the Endo A gene encoding mouse cytokeratin and its methylation state in the CpG-rich region. Gene. 1991;104:169\u2013176.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1717348"}]}},{"Citation":"Vassar R., Coulombe P.A., Degenstein L., Albers K., Fuchs E. Mutant keratin expression in transgenic mice causes marked abnormalities resembling a human genetic skin disease. Cell. 1991;64:365\u2013380.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1703046"}]}},{"Citation":"Wu Y.-J., Rheinwald J.G. A new small (40 kd) keratin filament protein made by some cultured human squamous cell carcinomas. Cell. 1981;25:627\u2013635.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"6169443"}]}},{"Citation":"Yamamoto H., Flannery M.L., Kupriyanov S., Pearce J., McKercher S.R., Henkel G.W., Maki R.A., Werb Z., Oshima R.G. Defective trophoblast function in mice with a targeted mutation of Ets2. Genes Dev. 1998;12:1315\u20131326.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC316781"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"9573048"}]}}]}]}}}