{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Manual"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"11418863"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"2001","Month":"07","Day":"05"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2023","Month":"01","Day":"20"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Print"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Print"},"@text":"0028-0836"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Print"},"Volume":"411","Issue":"6840","PubDate":{"Year":"2001","Month":"Jun","Day":"21"}},"Title":"Nature","ISOAbbreviation":"Nature"},"ArticleTitle":"Nodal signalling in the epiblast patterns the early mouse embryo.","Pagination":{"StartPage":"965","EndPage":"969","MedlinePgn":"965-9"},"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["Shortly after implantation the mouse embryo comprises three tissue layers. The founder tissue of the embryo proper, the epiblast, forms a radially symmetric cup of epithelial cells that grows in close apposition to the extra-embryonic ectoderm and the visceral endoderm. This simple cylindrical structure exhibits a distinct molecular pattern along its proximal-distal axis. The anterior-posterior axis of the embryo is positioned later by coordinated cell movements that rotate the pre-existing proximal-distal axis. The transforming growth factor-beta family member Nodal is known to be required for formation of the anterior-posterior axis. Here we show that signals from the epiblast are responsible for the initiation of proximal-distal polarity. Nodal acts to promote posterior cell fates in the epiblast and to maintain molecular pattern in the adjacent extra-embryonic ectoderm. Both of these functions are independent of Smad2. Moreover, Nodal signals from the epiblast also pattern the visceral endoderm by activating the Smad2-dependent pathway required for specification of anterior identity in overlying epiblast cells. Our experiments show that proximal-distal and subsequent anterior-posterior polarity of the pregastrulation embryo result from reciprocal cell-cell interactions between the epiblast and the two extra-embryonic tissues."]},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Brennan","ForeName":"J","Initials":"J","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Lu","ForeName":"C C","Initials":"CC"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Norris","ForeName":"D P","Initials":"DP"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Rodriguez","ForeName":"T A","Initials":"TA"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Beddington","ForeName":"R S","Initials":"RS"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Robertson","ForeName":"E J","Initials":"EJ"}]},"Language":["eng"],"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013485"},"@text":"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013487"},"@text":"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."}]}},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"England","MedlineTA":"Nature","NlmUniqueID":"0410462","ISSNLinking":"0028-0836"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D004268"},"@text":"DNA-Binding Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055457"},"@text":"Nodal Protein"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C526008"},"@text":"Nodal protein, mouse"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051899"},"@text":"Smad2 Protein"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C497783"},"@text":"Smad2 protein, mouse"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015534"},"@text":"Trans-Activators"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016212"},"@text":"Transforming Growth Factor beta"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000818","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Animals"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D019521","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Body Patterning"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016764","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Cell Polarity"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D004268","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"DNA-Binding Proteins"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D004475","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Ectoderm"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D004622","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Embryo, Mammalian"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000166","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"cytology"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D004742","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Enhancer Elements, Genetic"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018507","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051379","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055457","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Nodal Protein"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015398","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Signal Transduction"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051899","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Smad2 Protein"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015534","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Trans-Activators"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016212","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Transforming Growth Factor beta"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"metabolism"}]}]}},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"2001","Month":"6","Day":"22","Hour":"10","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"2001","Month":"7","Day":"6","Hour":"10","Minute":"1"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"2001","Month":"6","Day":"22","Hour":"10","Minute":"0"}]},"PublicationStatus":"ppublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"11418863"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.1038\/35082103"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pii"},"@text":"35082103"}]}}}}