{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Manual"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"11836504"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"2002","Month":"03","Day":"06"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2022","Month":"03","Day":"16"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Print"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Print"},"@text":"1471-0056"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Print"},"Volume":"3","Issue":"2","PubDate":{"Year":"2002","Month":"Feb"}},"Title":"Nature reviews. Genetics","ISOAbbreviation":"Nat Rev Genet"},"ArticleTitle":"Establishment of vertebrate left-right asymmetry.","Pagination":{"StartPage":"103","EndPage":"113","MedlinePgn":"103-13"},"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["The generation of morphological, such as left-right, asymmetry during development is an integral part of the establishment of a body plan. Until recently, the molecular basis of left-right asymmetry was a mystery, but studies indicate that Nodal and the Lefty proteins, transforming growth factor-beta-related molecules, have a central role in generating asymmetric signals. Although the initial mechanism of symmetry breaking remains unknown, developmental biologists are beginning to analyse the pathway that leads to left-right asymmetry establishment and maintenance."]},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Hamada","ForeName":"Hiroshi","Initials":"H","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan. hamada@imcb.osaka-u.ac.jp"}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Meno","ForeName":"Chikara","Initials":"C"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Watanabe","ForeName":"Daisuke","Initials":"D"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Saijoh","ForeName":"Yukio","Initials":"Y"}]},"Language":["eng"],"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013485"},"@text":"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016454"},"@text":"Review"}]}},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"England","MedlineTA":"Nat Rev Genet","NlmUniqueID":"100962779","ISSNLinking":"1471-0056"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055458"},"@text":"Left-Right Determination Factors"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055457"},"@text":"Nodal Protein"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C526008"},"@text":"Nodal protein, mouse"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016212"},"@text":"Transforming Growth Factor beta"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000818","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Animals"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D019521","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Body Patterning"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018507","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055458","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Left-Right Determination Factors"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051379","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008817","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice, Mutant Strains"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008957","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Models, Genetic"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D009154","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mutation"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055457","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Nodal Protein"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015398","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Signal Transduction"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016212","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Transforming Growth Factor beta"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D014714","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Vertebrates"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000196","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"embryology"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"}]}]},"NumberOfReferences":"107"},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"2002","Month":"2","Day":"12","Hour":"10","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"2002","Month":"3","Day":"7","Hour":"10","Minute":"1"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"2002","Month":"2","Day":"12","Hour":"10","Minute":"0"}]},"PublicationStatus":"ppublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"11836504"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.1038\/nrg732"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pii"},"@text":"nrg732"}]}}}}