{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Manual"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"19700621"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"2009","Month":"11","Day":"02"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2026","Month":"01","Day":"28"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Print"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Electronic"},"@text":"1477-9129"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Internet"},"Volume":"136","Issue":"18","PubDate":{"Year":"2009","Month":"Sep"}},"Title":"Development (Cambridge, England)","ISOAbbreviation":"Development"},"ArticleTitle":"Tbx1 controls cardiac neural crest cell migration during arch artery development by regulating Gbx2 expression in the pharyngeal ectoderm.","Pagination":{"StartPage":"3173","EndPage":"3183","MedlinePgn":"3173-83"},"ELocationID":[{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"doi","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"10.1242\/dev.028902"}],"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["Elucidating the gene regulatory networks that govern pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) development is an important goal, as such knowledge can help to identify new genes involved in cardiovascular disease. The transcription factor Tbx1 plays a vital role in PAA development and is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease associated with DiGeorge syndrome. In this report, we used various genetic approaches to reveal part of a signalling network by which Tbx1 controls PAA development in mice. We investigated the crucial role played by the homeobox-containing transcription factor Gbx2 downstream of Tbx1. We found that PAA formation requires the pharyngeal surface ectoderm as a key signalling centre from which Gbx2, in response to Tbx1, triggers essential directional cues to the adjacent cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) en route to the caudal PAAs. Abrogation of this signal generates cNCC patterning defects leading to PAA abnormalities. Finally, we showed that the Slit\/Robo signalling pathway is activated during cNCC migration and that components of this pathway are affected in Gbx2 and Tbx1 mutant embryos at the time of PAA development. We propose that the spatiotemporal control of this tightly orchestrated network of genes participates in crucial aspects of PAA development."]},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Calmont","ForeName":"Am\u00e9lie","Initials":"A","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Ivins","ForeName":"Sarah","Initials":"S"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Van Bueren","ForeName":"Kelly Lammerts","Initials":"KL"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Papangeli","ForeName":"Irinna","Initials":"I"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Kyriakopoulou","ForeName":"Vanessa","Initials":"V"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Andrews","ForeName":"William D","Initials":"WD"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Martin","ForeName":"James F","Initials":"JF"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Moon","ForeName":"Anne M","Initials":"AM"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Illingworth","ForeName":"Elizabeth A","Initials":"EA"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Basson","ForeName":"M Albert","Initials":"MA"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Scambler","ForeName":"Peter J","Initials":"PJ"}]},"Language":["eng"],"GrantList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Grant":[{"GrantID":"R01 HD044157","Acronym":"HD","Agency":"NICHD NIH HHS","Country":"United States"},{"GrantID":"TCP04006","Acronym":"TI_","Agency":"Telethon","Country":"Italy"},{"GrantID":"R01HD044157","Acronym":"HD","Agency":"NICHD NIH HHS","Country":"United States"},{"GrantID":"G0601104","Acronym":"MRC_","Agency":"Medical Research Council","Country":"United Kingdom"},{"GrantID":"R01DE\/HD12324","Acronym":"DE","Agency":"NIDCR NIH HHS","Country":"United States"},{"GrantID":"RG\/05\/013","Acronym":"BHF_","Agency":"British Heart Foundation","Country":"United Kingdom"},{"GrantID":"074549","Acronym":"WT_","Agency":"Wellcome Trust","Country":"United Kingdom"}]},"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D052061"},"@text":"Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013485"},"@text":"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"}]}},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"England","MedlineTA":"Development","NlmUniqueID":"8701744","ISSNLinking":"0950-1991"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D006023"},"@text":"Glycoproteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018398"},"@text":"Homeodomain Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D009419"},"@text":"Nerve Tissue Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011971"},"@text":"Receptors, Immunologic"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D020825"},"@text":"T-Box Domain Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000097905"},"@text":"Roundabout Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C513182"},"@text":"Gbx2 protein, mouse"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C491573"},"@text":"Tbx1 protein, mouse"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C120566"},"@text":"slit protein, vertebrate"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000818","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Animals"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D001158","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Arteries"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000002","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"abnormalities"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000033","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"anatomy & 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