{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Manual"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"23056596"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"2013","Month":"05","Day":"31"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2021","Month":"10","Day":"21"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Print-Electronic"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Electronic"},"@text":"1932-6203"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Internet"},"Volume":"7","Issue":"10","PubDate":{"Year":"2012"}},"Title":"PloS one","ISOAbbreviation":"PLoS One"},"ArticleTitle":"Gbx2 plays an essential but transient role in the formation of thalamic nuclei.","Pagination":{"StartPage":"e47111","MedlinePgn":"e47111"},"ELocationID":[{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"pii","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"e47111"},{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"doi","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047111"}],"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["Unlike the laminar arrangement of neurons in the neocortex, thalamic neurons aggregate to form about dozens of nuclei, many of which make topographic connections with specific areas in the neocortex. The molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of thalamic nuclei remain largely unknown. Homeodomain transcription factor Gbx2 is specifically expressed in the developing thalamus. Deleting Gbx2 leads to severe disruption of the histogenesis of the thalamus in mice, demonstrating an essential role of Gbx2 in this brain structure. Using inducible genetic fate mapping, we have previously shown that the neuronal precursors for different sets of thalamic nuclei have distinctive onset and duration of Gbx2 expression, suggesting that the dynamic expression of Gbx2 plays an important role in the specification and differentiation of thalamic nuclei. Here, we showed that the Gbx2 lineage exclusively gives rise to neurons but not glia in the thalamus. We performed conditional deletion to examine the temporal requirements of Gbx2 in the developing thalamus in mice. Corresponding to the dynamic and differential expression of Gbx2 in various thalamic nucleus groups, deleting Gbx2 at different embryonic stages disrupts formation of distinct sets of thalamic nuclei. Interestingly, different thalamic nuclei have remarkably different requirements of Gbx2 for the survival of thalamic neurons. Furthermore, although Gbx2 expression persists in many thalamic nuclei until adulthood, only the initial expression of Gbx2 following neurogenesis is crucial for the differentiation of thalamic nuclei. Our results indicate that the dynamic expression of Gbx2 may act as an important determinant in coupling with other developmental programs to generate distinct thalamic nuclei."]},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Li","ForeName":"Kairong","Initials":"K","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States of America."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Zhang","ForeName":"Jiaqing","Initials":"J"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Li","ForeName":"James Y H","Initials":"JY"}]},"Language":["eng"],"GrantList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Grant":[{"GrantID":"R01 MH094914","Acronym":"MH","Agency":"NIMH NIH HHS","Country":"United States"}]},"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D052061"},"@text":"Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"}]},"ArticleDate":[{"@attributes":{"DateType":"Electronic"},"Year":"2012","Month":"10","Day":"04"}]},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"United States","MedlineTA":"PLoS One","NlmUniqueID":"101285081","ISSNLinking":"1932-6203"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C513182"},"@text":"Gbx2 protein, mouse"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018398"},"@text":"Homeodomain Proteins"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000818","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Animals"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D002470","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Cell Survival"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D002540","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Cerebral Cortex"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000166","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"cytology"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005260","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Female"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005455","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018507","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018398","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Homeodomain Proteins"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D017403","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"In Situ Hybridization"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008297","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Male"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051379","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D009474","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Neurons"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000166","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"cytology"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013787","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Thalamic Nuclei"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000166","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"cytology"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"metabolism"}]}]},"CoiStatement":"<b>Competing Interests: <\/b>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist."},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"received"},"Year":"2012","Month":"7","Day":"27"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"accepted"},"Year":"2012","Month":"9","Day":"12"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"2012","Month":"10","Day":"12","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"2012","Month":"10","Day":"12","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"2013","Month":"6","Day":"1","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pmc-release"},"Year":"2012","Month":"10","Day":"4"}]},"PublicationStatus":"ppublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"23056596"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC3464241"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047111"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pii"},"@text":"PONE-D-12-22652"}]},"ReferenceList":[{"Reference":[{"Citation":"Jones EG (2007) The thalamus. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press."},{"Citation":"Jones EG (2001) The thalamic matrix and thalamocortical synchrony. Trends Neurosci 24: 595\u2013601.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"11576674"}]}},{"Citation":"Angevine JB Jr (1970) Time of neuron origin in the diencephalon of the mouse. An autoradiographic study. J Comp Neurol 139: 129\u2013187.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"5463599"}]}},{"Citation":"Bulfone A, Puelles L, Porteus MH, Frohman MA, Martin GR, et al. (1993) Spatially restricted expression of Dlx-1, Dlx-2 (Tes-1), Gbx-2, and Wnt- 3 in the embryonic day 12.5 mouse forebrain defines potential transverse and longitudinal segmental boundaries. J Neurosci 13: 3155\u20133172.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC6576688"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7687285"}]}},{"Citation":"Miyashita-Lin EM, Hevner R, Wassarman KM, Martinez S, Rubenstein JL (1999) Early neocortical regionalization in the absence of thalamic innervation. Science 285: 906\u2013909.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"10436162"}]}},{"Citation":"Chen L, Guo Q, Li JY (2009) Transcription factor Gbx2 acts cell-nonautonomously to regulate the formation of lineage-restriction boundaries of the thalamus. Development 136: 1317\u20131326.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2687463"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"19279136"}]}},{"Citation":"Nakagawa Y, O'Leary DD (2001) Combinatorial expression patterns of LIM-homeodomain and other regulatory genes parcellate developing thalamus. J Neurosci 21: 2711\u20132725.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC6762518"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"11306624"}]}},{"Citation":"Hevner RF, Miyashita-Lin E, Rubenstein JL (2002) Cortical and thalamic axon pathfinding defects in Tbr1, Gbx2, and Pax6 mutant mice: evidence that cortical and thalamic axons interact and guide each other. J Comp Neurol 447: 8\u201317.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"11967891"}]}},{"Citation":"Szabo NE, Zhao T, Zhou X, Alvarez-Bolado G (2009) The role of Sonic hedgehog of neural origin in thalamic differentiation in the mouse. J Neurosci 29: 2453\u20132466.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC6666239"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"19244520"}]}},{"Citation":"Jones EG, Rubenstein JL (2004) Expression of regulatory genes during differentiation of thalamic nuclei in mouse and monkey. J Comp Neurol 477: 55\u201380.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"15281080"}]}},{"Citation":"Wassarman KM, Lewandoski M, Campbell K, Joyner AL, Rubenstein JL, et al. (1997) Specification of the anterior hindbrain and establishment of a normal mid\/hindbrain organizer is dependent on Gbx2 gene function. Development 124: 2923\u20132934.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"9247335"}]}},{"Citation":"Li JY, Lao Z, Joyner AL (2002) Changing requirements for Gbx2 in development of the cerebellum and maintenance of the mid\/hindbrain organizer. Neuron 36: 31\u201343.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"12367504"}]}},{"Citation":"Soriano P (1999) Generalized lacZ expression with the ROSA26 Cre reporter strain [letter]. Nat Genet 21: 70\u201371.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"9916792"}]}},{"Citation":"Srinivas S, Watanabe T, Lin CS, William CM, Tanabe Y, et al. (2001) Cre reporter strains produced by targeted insertion of EYFP and ECFP into the ROSA26 locus. BMC Dev Biol 1: 4.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC31338"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"11299042"}]}},{"Citation":"Madisen L, Zwingman TA, Sunkin SM, Oh SW, Zariwala HA, et al. (2009) A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain. Nat Neurosci 13: 133\u2013140.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2840225"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"20023653"}]}},{"Citation":"Chen L, Chatterjjee M, Li JY (2010) The mouse homeobox gene Gbx2 is required for the development of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum. J Neurosci.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC3071646"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"21048141"}]}},{"Citation":"Vue TY, Bluske K, Alishahi A, Yang LL, Koyano-Nakagawa N, et al. (2009) Sonic hedgehog signaling controls thalamic progenitor identity and nuclei specification in mice. J Neurosci 29: 4484\u20134497.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC2718849"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"19357274"}]}},{"Citation":"Vue TY, Aaker J, Taniguchi A, Kazemzadeh C, Skidmore JM, et al. (2007) Characterization of progenitor domains in the developing mouse thalamus. J Comp Neurol 505: 73\u201391.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"17729296"}]}},{"Citation":"Kataoka A, Shimogori T (2008) Fgf8 controls regional identity in the developing thalamus. Development 135: 2873\u20132881.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"18653561"}]}},{"Citation":"Persico AM, Mengual E, Moessner R, Hall FS, Revay RS, et al. (2001) Barrel pattern formation requires serotonin uptake by thalamocortical afferents, and not vesicular monoamine release. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 21: 6862\u20136873.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC6763105"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"11517274"}]}},{"Citation":"Maier DL, Mani S, Donovan SL, Soppet D, Tessarollo L, et al. (1999) Disrupted cortical map and absence of cortical barrels in growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 9397\u20139402.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC17794"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"10430954"}]}},{"Citation":"Cholfin JA, Rubenstein JL (2007) Patterning of frontal cortex subdivisions by Fgf17. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 7652\u20137657.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC1863435"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"17442747"}]}},{"Citation":"Steindler DA (1993) Glial boundaries in the developing nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci 16: 445\u2013470.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"8460899"}]}},{"Citation":"Lotto RB, Asavaritikrai P, Vali L, Price DJ (2001) Target-derived neurotrophic factors regulate the death of developing forebrain neurons after a change in their trophic requirements. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 21: 3904\u20133910.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC6207345"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"11356878"}]}},{"Citation":"Petrovic M, Hummel T (2008) Temporal identity in axonal target layer recognition. Nature 456: 800\u2013803.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"18978776"}]}},{"Citation":"McConnell SK, Kaznowski CE (1991) Cell cycle dependence of laminar determination in developing neocortex. Science 254: 282\u2013285.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1925583"}]}},{"Citation":"Hohl-Abrahao JC, Creutzfeldt OD (1991) Topographical mapping of the thalamocortical projections in rodents and comparison with that in primates. Exp Brain Res 87: 283\u2013294.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"1722758"}]}},{"Citation":"Caviness VS Jr, Frost DO (1980) Tangential organization of thalamic projections to the neocortex in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 194: 335\u2013367.","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7440805"}]}}]}]}}}