{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Manual"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"23506862"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"2013","Month":"09","Day":"09"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2025","Month":"12","Day":"18"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Print"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Electronic"},"@text":"1872-9452"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Internet"},"Volume":"34","Issue":"2-3","PubDate":{"Year":"2013","Season":"Apr-Jun"}},"Title":"Molecular aspects of medicine","ISOAbbreviation":"Mol Aspects Med"},"ArticleTitle":"The SLC2 (GLUT) family of membrane transporters.","Pagination":{"StartPage":"121","EndPage":"138","MedlinePgn":"121-38"},"ELocationID":[{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"doi","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.07.001"},{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"pii","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"S0098-2997(12)00084-2"}],"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["GLUT proteins are encoded by the SLC2 genes and are members of the major facilitator superfamily of membrane transporters. Fourteen GLUT proteins are expressed in the human and they are categorized into three classes based on sequence similarity. All GLUTs appear to transport hexoses or polyols when expressed ectopically, but the primary physiological substrates for several of the GLUTs remain uncertain. GLUTs 1-5 are the most thoroughly studied and all have well established roles as glucose and\/or fructose transporters in various tissues and cell types. The GLUT proteins are comprised of \u223c500 amino acid residues, possess a single N-linked oligosaccharide, and have 12 membrane-spanning domains. In this review we briefly describe the major characteristics of the 14 GLUT family members."],"CopyrightInformation":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Mueckler","ForeName":"Mike","Initials":"M","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. mmueckler@wustl.edu"}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Thorens","ForeName":"Bernard","Initials":"B"}]},"Language":["eng"],"GrantList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Grant":[{"GrantID":"P30 DK020579","Acronym":"DK","Agency":"NIDDK NIH HHS","Country":"United States"},{"GrantID":"R01 DK043695","Acronym":"DK","Agency":"NIDDK NIH HHS","Country":"United States"},{"GrantID":"R01 DK085110","Acronym":"DK","Agency":"NIDDK NIH HHS","Country":"United States"},{"GrantID":"R0143695","Agency":"PHS HHS","Country":"United States"}]},"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D052061"},"@text":"Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013485"},"@text":"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016454"},"@text":"Review"}]}},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"England","MedlineTA":"Mol Aspects Med","NlmUniqueID":"7603128","ISSNLinking":"0098-2997"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051246"},"@text":"Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D006601"},"@text":"Hexoses"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011108"},"@text":"Polymers"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C024617"},"@text":"polyol"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000595","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Amino Acid Sequence"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D001692","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Biological Transport"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051246","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000145","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"classification"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D006601","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Hexoses"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D006801","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Humans"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008954","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Models, Biological"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008958","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Models, Molecular"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008969","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Molecular Sequence Data"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015394","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Molecular Structure"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005810","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Multigene Family"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011108","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Polymers"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011487","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Protein Conformation"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D017434","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Protein Structure, Tertiary"}}]}},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"received"},"Year":"2012","Month":"3","Day":"6"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"accepted"},"Year":"2012","Month":"7","Day":"3"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"2013","Month":"3","Day":"20","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"2013","Month":"3","Day":"20","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"2013","Month":"9","Day":"10","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pmc-release"},"Year":"2014","Month":"7","Day":"21"}]},"PublicationStatus":"ppublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"23506862"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"mid"},"@text":"NIHMS394095"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC4104978"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.07.001"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pii"},"@text":"S0098-2997(12)00084-2"}]},"ReferenceList":[{"Reference":[{"Citation":"Abel ED, Peroni O, Kim JK, Kim YB, Boss O, Hadro E, Minnemann T, Shulman GI, Kahn BB. 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