{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Manual"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"29038279"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"2019","Month":"04","Day":"16"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2019","Month":"12","Day":"10"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Electronic-Print"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Electronic"},"@text":"1098-6596"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Internet"},"Volume":"62","Issue":"1","PubDate":{"Year":"2018","Month":"Jan"}},"Title":"Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy","ISOAbbreviation":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},"ArticleTitle":"A CTG Clade Candida Yeast Genetically Engineered for the Genotype-Phenotype Characterization of Azole Antifungal Resistance in Human-Pathogenic Yeasts.","ELocationID":[{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"pii","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"e01483-17"},{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"doi","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"10.1128\/AAC.01483-17"}],"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["A strain of the opportunistic pathogenic yeast <i>Candida lusitaniae<\/i> was genetically modified for use as a cellular model for assessing by allele replacement the impact of lanosterol C14\u03b1-demethylase <i>ERG11<\/i> mutations on azole resistance. <i>Candida lusitaniae<\/i> was chosen because it is susceptible to azole antifungals, it belongs to the CTG clade of yeast, which includes most of the <i>Candida<\/i> species pathogenic for humans, and it is haploid and easily amenable to genetic transformation and molecular modeling. In this work, allelic replacement is targeted at the <i>ERG11<\/i> locus by the reconstitution of a functional auxotrophic marker in the 3' intergenic region of <i>ERG11<\/i> Homologous and heterologous <i>ERG11<\/i> alleles are expressed from the resident <i>ERG11<\/i> promoter of <i>C. lusitaniae<\/i>, allowing accurate comparison of the phenotypic change in azole susceptibility. As a proof of concept, we successfully expressed in <i>C. lusitaniae<\/i> different <i>ERG11<\/i> alleles, either bearing or not bearing mutations retrieved from a clinical context, from two phylogenetically distant yeasts, <i>C. albicans<\/i> and <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus<\/i><i>Candida lusitaniae<\/i> constitutes a high-fidelity expression system, giving specific Erg11p-dependent fluconazole MICs very close to those observed with the <i>ERG11<\/i> donor strain. This work led us to characterize the phenotypic effect of two kinds of mutation: mutation conferring decreased fluconazole susceptibility in a species-specific manner and mutation conferring fluconazole resistance in several yeast species. In particular, a missense mutation affecting amino acid K143 of Erg11p in <i>Candida<\/i> species, and the equivalent position K151 in <i>K. marxianus<\/i>, plays a critical role in fluconazole resistance."],"CopyrightInformation":"Copyright \u00a9 2017 American Society for Microbiology."},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Accoceberry","ForeName":"Isabelle","Initials":"I","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"University Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France."},{"Affiliation":"University Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9, UMR 5234, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Rougeron","ForeName":"Amandine","Initials":"A","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"University Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France."},{"Affiliation":"University Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9, UMR 5234, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Biteau","ForeName":"Nicolas","Initials":"N","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"University Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Chevrel","ForeName":"Pauline","Initials":"P","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"University Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Fitton-Ouhabi","ForeName":"Val\u00e9rie","Initials":"V","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"University Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"No\u00ebl","ForeName":"Thierry","Initials":"T","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"University Bordeaux, CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France thierry.noel@u-bordeaux.fr."}]}]},"Language":["eng"],"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013485"},"@text":"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"}]},"ArticleDate":[{"@attributes":{"DateType":"Electronic"},"Year":"2017","Month":"12","Day":"21"}]},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"United States","MedlineTA":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","NlmUniqueID":"0315061","ISSNLinking":"0066-4804"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000935"},"@text":"Antifungal Agents"}},{"RegistryNumber":"8VZV102JFY","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015725"},"@text":"Fluconazole"}},{"RegistryNumber":"EC 1.14.14.154","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D058886"},"@text":"Sterol 14-Demethylase"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000935","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Antifungal Agents"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000494","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"pharmacology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D002175","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Candida"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000145","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"classification"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000187","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"drug effects"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D025141","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Drug Resistance, Fungal"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015725","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Fluconazole"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000494","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"pharmacology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D006801","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Humans"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008826","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D009154","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mutation"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D010802","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Phylogeny"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D058886","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Sterol 14-Demethylase"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"genetics"}]}]},"KeywordList":[{"@attributes":{"Owner":"NOTNLM"},"Keyword":[{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Candida"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Candida lusitaniae"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"ERG11 mutation"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Kluyveromyces"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"fluconazole resistance"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"heterologous expression"}]}]},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"received"},"Year":"2017","Month":"7","Day":"20"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"accepted"},"Year":"2017","Month":"10","Day":"12"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"2017","Month":"10","Day":"19","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"2019","Month":"4","Day":"17","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"2017","Month":"10","Day":"18","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pmc-release"},"Year":"2018","Month":"6","Day":"21"}]},"PublicationStatus":"epublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"29038279"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC5740319"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.1128\/AAC.01483-17"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pii"},"@text":"AAC.01483-17"}]},"ReferenceList":[{"Reference":[{"Citation":"des Champs-Bro B, Leroy-Cotteau A, Mazingue F, Pasquier F, 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