{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"PubMed-not-MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"32244588"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2020","Month":"09","Day":"28"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Electronic"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Electronic"},"@text":"2221-3759"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Internet"},"Volume":"8","Issue":"2","PubDate":{"Year":"2020","Month":"Apr","Day":"01"}},"Title":"Journal of developmental biology","ISOAbbreviation":"J Dev Biol"},"ArticleTitle":"<i>Gbx1<\/i> and <i>Gbx2<\/i> Are Essential for Normal Patterning and Development of Interneurons and Motor Neurons in the Embryonic Spinal Cord.","ELocationID":[{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"pii","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"9"},{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"doi","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"10.3390\/jdb8020009"}],"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["The molecular mechanisms regulating neurogenesis involve the control of gene expression by transcription factors. <i>Gbx1<\/i> and <i>Gbx2<\/i>, two members of the Gbx family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors, are known for their essential roles in central nervous system development. The expression domains of mouse <i>Gbx1<\/i> and <i>Gbx2<\/i> include regions of the forebrain, anterior hindbrain, and spinal cord. In the spinal cord, <i>Gbx1<\/i> and <i>Gbx2<\/i> are expressed in PAX2<sup>+<\/sup> interneurons of the dorsal horn and ventral motor neuron progenitors. Based on their shared domains of expression and instances of overlap, we investigated the functional relationship between <i>Gbx<\/i> family members in the developing spinal cord using <i>Gbx1<\/i><sup>-\/-<\/sup>, <i>Gbx2<\/i><sup>-\/-<\/sup>, and <i>Gbx1<\/i><sup>-\/-<\/sup>\/<i>Gbx2<\/i><sup>-\/-<\/sup> embryos. In situ hybridization analyses of embryonic spinal cords show upregulation of <i>Gbx2<\/i> expression in <i>Gbx1<\/i><sup>-\/-<\/sup> embryos and upregulation of <i>Gbx1<\/i> expression in <i>Gbx2<\/i><sup>-\/-<\/sup> embryos. Additionally, our data demonstrate that <i>Gbx<\/i> genes regulate development of a subset of PAX2<sup>+<\/sup> dorsal inhibitory interneurons. While we observe no difference in overall proliferative status of the developing ependymal layer, expansion of proliferative cells into the anatomically defined mantle zone occurs in <i>Gbx<\/i> mutants. Lastly, our data shows a marked increase in apoptotic cell death in the ventral spinal cord of <i>Gbx<\/i> mutants during mid-embryonic stages. While our studies reveal that both members of the <i>Gbx<\/i> gene family are involved in development of subsets of PAX2<sup>+<\/sup> dorsal interneurons and survival of ventral motor neurons, <i>Gbx1<\/i> and <i>Gbx2<\/i> are not sufficient to genetically compensate for the loss of one another. Thus, our studies provide novel insight to the relationship harbored between <i>Gbx1<\/i> and <i>Gbx2<\/i> in spinal cord development."]},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Buckley","ForeName":"Desir\u00e8 M","Initials":"DM","Identifier":[{"@attributes":{"Source":"ORCID"},"@text":"0000-0003-4780-8173"}],"AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Burroughs-Garcia","ForeName":"Jessica","Initials":"J","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Kriks","ForeName":"Sonja","Initials":"S","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Neurona Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Lewandoski","ForeName":"Mark","Initials":"M","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Waters","ForeName":"Samuel T","Initials":"ST","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Division of Sciences and Mathematics, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA."}]}]},"Language":["eng"],"GrantList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Grant":[{"GrantID":"NSF 1021288","Agency":"National Science Foundation","Country":""}]},"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"}]},"ArticleDate":[{"@attributes":{"DateType":"Electronic"},"Year":"2020","Month":"04","Day":"01"}]},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"Switzerland","MedlineTA":"J Dev Biol","NlmUniqueID":"101613409","ISSNLinking":"2221-3759"},"KeywordList":[{"@attributes":{"Owner":"NOTNLM"},"Keyword":[{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Gbx1"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Gbx2"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"development"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"mouse"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"spinal cord"}]}],"CoiStatement":"The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study, collection or interpretation of the data, or in preparation of the manuscript."},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"received"},"Year":"2019","Month":"12","Day":"17"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"revised"},"Year":"2020","Month":"3","Day":"1"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"accepted"},"Year":"2020","Month":"3","Day":"26"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"2020","Month":"4","Day":"5","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"2020","Month":"4","Day":"5","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"2020","Month":"4","Day":"5","Hour":"6","Minute":"1"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pmc-release"},"Year":"2020","Month":"4","Day":"1"}]},"PublicationStatus":"epublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"32244588"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC7345146"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.3390\/jdb8020009"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pii"},"@text":"jdb8020009"}]},"ReferenceList":[{"Reference":[{"Citation":"Jessell T.M. 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