{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Automated"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"35955833"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"2022","Month":"08","Day":"15"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2025","Month":"07","Day":"28"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Electronic"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Electronic"},"@text":"1422-0067"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Internet"},"Volume":"23","Issue":"15","PubDate":{"Year":"2022","Month":"Aug","Day":"04"}},"Title":"International journal of molecular sciences","ISOAbbreviation":"Int J Mol Sci"},"ArticleTitle":"Importance of GLUT Transporters in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment.","ELocationID":[{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"pii","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"8698"},{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"doi","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"10.3390\/ijms23158698"}],"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["Facilitative sugar transporters (GLUTs) are the primary method of sugar uptake in all mammalian cells. There are 14 different types of those transmembrane proteins, but they transport only a handful of substrates, mainly glucose and fructose. This overlap and redundancy contradict the natural tendency of cells to conserve energy and resources, and has led researchers to hypothesize that different GLUTs partake in more metabolic roles than just sugar transport into cells. Understanding those roles will lead to better therapeutics for a wide variety of diseases and disorders. In this review we highlight recent discoveries of the role GLUTs play in different diseases and disease treatments."]},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Ismail","ForeName":"Abdelrahman","Initials":"A","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Tanasova","ForeName":"Marina","Initials":"M","Identifier":[{"@attributes":{"Source":"ORCID"},"@text":"0000-0003-4771-9533"}],"AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA."},{"Affiliation":"Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA."}]}]},"Language":["eng"],"GrantList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Grant":[{"GrantID":"R15 CA242401","Acronym":"CA","Agency":"NCI NIH HHS","Country":"United States"},{"GrantID":"GRANT12736422","Acronym":"NH","Agency":"NIH HHS","Country":"United States"}]},"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016454"},"@text":"Review"}]},"ArticleDate":[{"@attributes":{"DateType":"Electronic"},"Year":"2022","Month":"08","Day":"04"}]},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"Switzerland","MedlineTA":"Int J Mol Sci","NlmUniqueID":"101092791","ISSNLinking":"1422-0067"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051246"},"@text":"Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D026901"},"@text":"Membrane Transport Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"30237-26-4","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005632"},"@text":"Fructose"}},{"RegistryNumber":"IY9XDZ35W2","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005947"},"@text":"Glucose"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000818","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Animals"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D001692","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Biological Transport"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005632","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Fructose"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005947","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Glucose"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051246","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008322","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mammals"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D026901","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Membrane Transport Proteins"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000378","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolism"}]}]},"KeywordList":[{"@attributes":{"Owner":"NOTNLM"},"Keyword":[{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"GLUT inhibitors"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"GLUT therapeutics"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"GLUTs"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"diagnostic biomarkers"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"metabolic diseases"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"sugar transport"}]}],"CoiStatement":"The authors declare no conflict of interest."},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"received"},"Year":"2022","Month":"7","Day":"2"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"revised"},"Year":"2022","Month":"7","Day":"29"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"accepted"},"Year":"2022","Month":"7","Day":"30"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"2022","Month":"8","Day":"12","Hour":"1","Minute":"13"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"2022","Month":"8","Day":"13","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"2022","Month":"8","Day":"16","Hour":"6","Minute":"0"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pmc-release"},"Year":"2022","Month":"8","Day":"4"}]},"PublicationStatus":"epublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"35955833"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC9368955"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.3390\/ijms23158698"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pii"},"@text":"ijms23158698"}]},"ReferenceList":[{"Reference":[{"Citation":"Reckzeh E.S., Waldmann H. 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