{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"PubMed-not-MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"41909441"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"2026","Month":"03","Day":"30"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2026","Month":"03","Day":"30"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Electronic-eCollection"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Print"},"@text":"2168-8184"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Print"},"Volume":"18","Issue":"2","PubDate":{"Year":"2026","Month":"Feb"}},"Title":"Cureus","ISOAbbreviation":"Cureus"},"ArticleTitle":"Barriers to Healthcare Access and Utilization Among Immigrants in Host Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence.","Pagination":{"StartPage":"e104278","MedlinePgn":"e104278"},"ELocationID":[{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"pii","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"e104278"},{"@attributes":{"EIdType":"doi","ValidYN":"Y"},"@text":"10.7759\/cureus.104278"}],"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["Immigrant populations frequently encounter barriers when accessing healthcare services, potentially affecting patient safety, healthcare utilization, and clinical outcomes. Understanding these barriers is essential for improving equitable and patient-centered care.\u00a0 A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed\/MedLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EconLit, Web of Science (WoS), and CINAHL were searched from January 2005 to August 2023. Inductive thematic analysis was used to synthesize findings across studies. The review was not prospectively registered, included only English-language studies, and relied predominantly on qualitative evidence. Heterogeneity across study designs and healthcare settings may limit generalizability. The authors received no external funding for this study. Three interconnected themes consistently emerged: limited transcultural competence, language barriers, and discrimination in healthcare. Inadequate cultural competence was associated with communication difficulties and reduced care effectiveness. Language barriers contributed to miscommunication, delayed care, and increased healthcare utilization. Experiences of discrimination were linked to reduced trust in healthcare systems and poorer patient engagement. These factors negatively influenced patient safety, satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Immigrant patients face persistent and interrelated barriers to healthcare access. Strengthening culturally responsive care, improving access to professional interpreter services, and addressing discriminatory practices are essential to improving patient safety, satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Future research should evaluate targeted interventions aimed at improving communication, cultural competence, and healthcare equity."],"CopyrightInformation":"Copyright \u00a9 2026, Krupi\u0107 et al."},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Krupi\u0107","ForeName":"Ferid","Initials":"F","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWE."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Krupi\u0107","ForeName":"Melissa","Initials":"M","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital\/\u00d6stra, Gothenburg, SWE."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Sahra","ForeName":"Saidarab","Initials":"S","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Maternity Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SWE."},{"Affiliation":"Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWE."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Dervi\u0161evi\u0107","ForeName":"Emina","Initials":"E","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Sarajevo, BIH."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Seffo","ForeName":"Nail","Initials":"N","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWE."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Ali\u0107","ForeName":"Jasmin","Initials":"J","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Urology Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH."}]}]},"Language":["eng"],"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016454"},"@text":"Review"}]},"ArticleDate":[{"@attributes":{"DateType":"Electronic"},"Year":"2026","Month":"02","Day":"26"}]},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"United States","MedlineTA":"Cureus","NlmUniqueID":"101596737","ISSNLinking":"2168-8184"},"KeywordList":[{"@attributes":{"Owner":"NOTNLM"},"Keyword":[{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"access to healthcare"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"cultural competency"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"emigrants and immigrants"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"health services accessibility"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"healthcare access disparity"},{"@attributes":{"MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"language barrier"}]}],"CoiStatement":"Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment\/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work."},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"accepted"},"Year":"2026","Month":"2","Day":"25"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"2026","Month":"3","Day":"30","Hour":"12","Minute":"51"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"2026","Month":"3","Day":"30","Hour":"12","Minute":"50"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"2026","Month":"3","Day":"30","Hour":"6","Minute":"35"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pmc-release"},"Year":"2026","Month":"2","Day":"26"}]},"PublicationStatus":"epublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"41909441"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pmc"},"@text":"PMC13032184"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.7759\/cureus.104278"}]},"ReferenceList":[{"Reference":[{"Citation":"Eurostat. Health at a Glance: Europe 2018.  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