{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Manual"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"7671308"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"1995","Month":"10","Day":"13"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2022","Month":"03","Day":"11"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Print"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Print"},"@text":"0092-8674"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Print"},"Volume":"82","Issue":"5","PubDate":{"Year":"1995","Month":"Sep","Day":"08"}},"Title":"Cell","ISOAbbreviation":"Cell"},"ArticleTitle":"A molecular pathway determining left-right asymmetry in chick embryogenesis.","Pagination":{"StartPage":"803","EndPage":"814","MedlinePgn":"803-14"},"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["While significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular events underlying the early specification of the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axes, little information is available regarding the cellular or molecular basis for left-right (LR) differences in animal morphogenesis. We describe the expression patterns of three genes involved in LR determination in chick embryos: activin receptor IIa, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), and cNR-1 (related to the mouse gene nodal). These genes are expressed asymmetrically during and after gastrulation and regulate the expression of one another in a sequential pathway. Moreover, manipulation of the sidedness of either activin protein or Shh expression alters heart situs. Together, these observations identify a cascade of molecular asymmetry in that determines morphological LR asymmetry in the chick embryo."]},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Levin","ForeName":"M","Initials":"M","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Johnson","ForeName":"R L","Initials":"RL"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Stern","ForeName":"C D","Initials":"CD"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Kuehn","ForeName":"M","Initials":"M"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Tabin","ForeName":"C","Initials":"C"}]},"Language":["eng"],"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013486"},"@text":"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013487"},"@text":"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."}]}},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"United States","MedlineTA":"Cell","NlmUniqueID":"0413066","ISSNLinking":"0092-8674"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D053823"},"@text":"Hedgehog Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011506"},"@text":"Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015534"},"@text":"Trans-Activators"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016212"},"@text":"Transforming Growth Factor beta"}},{"RegistryNumber":"104625-48-1","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D028341"},"@text":"Activins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"57285-09-3","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D007265"},"@text":"Inhibins"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D028341","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Activins"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000818","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Animals"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D002454","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Cell Differentiation"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016764","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Cell Polarity"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D002642","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Chick Embryo"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D004627","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Embryonic Induction"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D007839","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Functional Laterality"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D005775","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Gastrula"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015870","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Gene Expression"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D006321","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Heart"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000196","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"embryology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D053823","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Hedgehog Proteins"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D017403","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"In Situ Hybridization"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D007265","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Inhibins"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011506","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Proteins"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D015534","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Trans-Activators"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016212","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Transforming Growth Factor beta"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"physiology"}]}]}},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"1995","Month":"9","Day":"8"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"1995","Month":"9","Day":"8","Hour":"0","Minute":"1"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"1995","Month":"9","Day":"8","Hour":"0","Minute":"0"}]},"PublicationStatus":"ppublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"7671308"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90477-8"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pii"},"@text":"0092-8674(95)90477-8"}]}}}}