{"PubmedArticle":{"MedlineCitation":{"@attributes":{"Status":"MEDLINE","Owner":"NLM","IndexingMethod":"Manual"},"PMID":{"@attributes":{"Version":"1"},"@text":"9708731"},"DateCompleted":{"Year":"1998","Month":"08","Day":"25"},"DateRevised":{"Year":"2026","Month":"01","Day":"28"},"Article":{"@attributes":{"PubModel":"Print"},"Journal":{"ISSN":{"@attributes":{"IssnType":"Print"},"@text":"0092-8674"},"JournalIssue":{"@attributes":{"CitedMedium":"Print"},"Volume":"94","Issue":"3","PubDate":{"Year":"1998","Month":"Aug","Day":"07"}},"Title":"Cell","ISOAbbreviation":"Cell"},"ArticleTitle":"lefty-1 is required for left-right determination as a regulator of lefty-2 and nodal.","Pagination":{"StartPage":"287","EndPage":"297","MedlinePgn":"287-97"},"Abstract":{"AbstractText":["lefty-1, lefty-2, and nodal are expressed on the left side of developing mouse embryos and are implicated in left-right (L-R) determination. The role of lefty-1 was examined by analyzing mutant mice lacking this gene. The lefty-1-deficient mice showed a variety of L-R positional defects in visceral organs. Unexpectedly, however, the most common feature of lefty-1-\/- mice was thoracic left isomerism (rather than right isomerism). The lack of lefty-1 resulted in bilateral expression of nodal, lefty-2, and Pitx2 (a homeobox gene normally expressed on the left side). These observations suggest that the role of lefty-1 is to restrict the expression of lefty-2 and nodal to the left side, and that lefty-2 or nodal encodes a signal for \"leftness.\""]},"AuthorList":{"@attributes":{"CompleteYN":"Y"},"Author":[{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Meno","ForeName":"C","Initials":"C","AffiliationInfo":[{"Affiliation":"Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan."}]},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Shimono","ForeName":"A","Initials":"A"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Saijoh","ForeName":"Y","Initials":"Y"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Yashiro","ForeName":"K","Initials":"K"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Mochida","ForeName":"K","Initials":"K"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Ohishi","ForeName":"S","Initials":"S"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Noji","ForeName":"S","Initials":"S"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Kondoh","ForeName":"H","Initials":"H"},{"@attributes":{"ValidYN":"Y"},"LastName":"Hamada","ForeName":"H","Initials":"H"}]},"Language":["eng"],"PublicationTypeList":{"PublicationType":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016428"},"@text":"Journal Article"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"D013485"},"@text":"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"}]}},"MedlineJournalInfo":{"Country":"United States","MedlineTA":"Cell","NlmUniqueID":"0413066","ISSNLinking":"0092-8674"},"ChemicalList":{"Chemical":[{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018398"},"@text":"Homeodomain Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055458"},"@text":"Left-Right Determination Factors"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055457"},"@text":"Nodal Protein"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D009687"},"@text":"Nuclear Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051761"},"@text":"Paired Box Transcription Factors"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011506"},"@text":"Proteins"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D014157"},"@text":"Transcription Factors"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016212"},"@text":"Transforming Growth Factor beta"}},{"RegistryNumber":"184787-43-7","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000097577"},"@text":"Homeobox Protein PITX2"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C526008"},"@text":"Nodal protein, mouse"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C101485"},"@text":"homeobox protein PITX1"}},{"RegistryNumber":"0","NameOfSubstance":{"@attributes":{"UI":"C433629"},"@text":"homeobox protein PITX3"}}]},"CitationSubset":["IM"],"MeshHeadingList":{"MeshHeading":[{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000818","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Animals"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000831","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Animals, Newborn"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D019521","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Body Patterning"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018507","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018398","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Homeodomain Proteins"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000096","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"biosynthesis"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055458","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Left-Right Determination Factors"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008168","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Lung"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000002","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"abnormalities"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051379","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008809","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice, Inbred C3H"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008810","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice, Inbred C57BL"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D018345","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice, Knockout"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D008822","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mice, Transgenic"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D009154","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Mutation"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D055457","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Nodal Protein"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D009687","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"Nuclear Proteins"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D051761","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Paired Box Transcription Factors"}},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D011506","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Proteins"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D014157","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Transcription Factors"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000096","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"biosynthesis"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"genetics"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D016212","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Transforming Growth Factor beta"},"QualifierName":[{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000172","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"deficiency"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000235","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"genetics"},{"@attributes":{"UI":"Q000502","MajorTopicYN":"Y"},"@text":"physiology"}]},{"DescriptorName":{"@attributes":{"UI":"D000097577","MajorTopicYN":"N"},"@text":"Homeobox Protein PITX2"}}]}},"PubmedData":{"History":{"PubMedPubDate":[{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"pubmed"},"Year":"1998","Month":"8","Day":"26"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"medline"},"Year":"1998","Month":"8","Day":"26","Hour":"0","Minute":"1"},{"@attributes":{"PubStatus":"entrez"},"Year":"1998","Month":"8","Day":"26","Hour":"0","Minute":"0"}]},"PublicationStatus":"ppublish","ArticleIdList":{"ArticleId":[{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pubmed"},"@text":"9708731"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"doi"},"@text":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81472-5"},{"@attributes":{"IdType":"pii"},"@text":"S0092-8674(00)81472-5"}]}}}}