Masanorimurayama

マルチノッチ細胞

英：Martinotti cell (MC)、独:、仏

解剖学的特性

small multipolar neurons with short branching dendrites
They are scattered throughout various layers of the cerebral cortex, sending their axons up to the cortical layer I where they form axonal arborization. The arbors transgress multiple columns in layer VI and make contacts with the distal tuft dendrites of pyramidal cells
Martinotti cells express somatostatin and sometimes calbindin, but not parvalbumin or vasoactive intestinal peptide


生理学的特性

Recent research suggests that Martinotti cells are associated with a cortical dampening mechanism. When the pyramidal neuron, which is the most common type of neuron in the brain, starts getting overexcited, Martinotti cells start sending inhibitory signals to the surrounding neurons. [3]
They regulate pyramidal cell activity via a significant axonal arbor in layer 1 that forms synapses onto apical dendrites of pyramidal cells, modulating dendritic spike generation and synaptic integration, as well as FDDI between pyramidal cells (Murayama et al., 2009).The probability of this disynaptic inhibition, around 20% in layer 5 frontal cortex of juvenile rats (Berger et al., 2009), suggests an underlying high degree of connectivity between Martinotti cells and pyramidal cells that is in line with the results in the present paper.

文献
^ Wang Y, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Gupta A, et al. (November 2004). "Anatomical, physiological and molecular properties of Martinotti cells in the somatosensory cortex of the juvenile rat". J. Physiol. (Lond.) 561 (Pt 1): 65–90. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.073353. PMC 1665344. PMID 15331670.
^ Sugino K, Hempel CM, Miller MN, et al. (January 2006). "Molecular taxonomy of major neuronal classes in the adult mouse forebrain". Nat. Neurosci. 9 (1): 99–107. doi:10.1038/nn1618. PMID 16369481.
^ Silberberg G, Markram H (March 2007). "Disynaptic inhibition between neocortical pyramidal cells mediated by Martinotti cells". Neuron 53 (5): 735–46. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.012. PMID 17329212.
^ Martinotti C (1889). "Contributo allo studio della corteccia cerebrale, ed all’origine centrale dei nervi". Ann. Freniatr. Sci. Affini. 1: 14–381.
Kamaguchi Y & Kubota Y (1997), GABAergic cell subtypes and their synaptic connections in rat frotnal cortex. Cereb Cortex 7, 476-486.