カフェインのソースを表示

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<font size="+1">[http://researchmap.jp/read0184751 島添 隆雄]</font><br>
''九州大学 大学院薬学府''<br>
DOI：<selfdoi />　原稿受付日：2013年8月19日　原稿完成日：2014年1月5日<br>
担当編集委員：[http://researchmap.jp/tadafumikato 加藤 忠史]（独立行政法人理化学研究所 脳科学総合研究センター）<br>
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英語名：caffeine　独：Koffein、仏：caféine　

{{Chembox Drug
| verifiedrevid =
| IUPAC_name = 1,3,7-Trimethyl-1''H''-purine-2,6(3''H'',7''H'')-dione<br />3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1''H''-purine-2,6-dione
| image = Caffeine-2D-skeletal.svg
| image2 = Caffeine (1) 3D spacefill.png
| alt2 = Caffeine molecule
| width = 200px

<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =
| Drugs.com ={{Drugs.com|monograph|caffeine-caffeine-and-sodium-benzoate-injection-caffeine-citrate}}
| MedlinePlus =
| pregnancy_US = C
| legal_AU = unscheduled
| legal_UK = GSL
| legal_US = OTC
| dependency_liability = Moderate
| routes_of_administration = Oral, insufflation, [[coffee enema|enema]]

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = 99%
| protein_bound = 17% to 36%
| metabolism = [[demethylation]] by [[CYP1A2]]
| elimination_half-life = 5 hours
| excretion = urine (100%)

<!--Identifiers-->
| CASNo = 58-08-2
| ATC_prefix = N06B
| ATC_suffix = C01
| PubChem = 2519
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00201
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 2424
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 3G6A5W338E
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00528
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 27732
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 113

<!--Chemical data-->
| C=8|H=10|N=4|O=2
| molecular_weight = 194.19 g/mol
| smiles = Cn1cnc2c1c(=O)n(c(=O)n2C)C
| InChI = 1/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3
| InChIKey = RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYAW
| StdInChI_Ref =
| StdInChI = 1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

<!--Properties-->
| ExactMass = 194.080376 u
| Appearance = Odorless, white needles or powder
| Density = 1.23 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid<ref>[http://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc04/icsc0405.htm Caffeine], International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS)</ref>
| Solubility = 2.17 g/100 mL (25 °C)<br />18.0 g/100 mL (80 °C)<br />67.0 g/100 mL (100 °C)
| SolubleOther = ethanol 15 g/L<ref name="sigmaaldrich1">[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Sigma-Aldrich/Product_Information_Sheet/c0750pis.Par.0001.File.tmp/c0750pis.pdf Caffeine (anhydrous)]. sigmaaldrich.com</ref>
| MeltingPt = 235–238 °C, 500–501 K (anhydrous)<br />234–235 °C, 507–508 K (monohydrate)
| BoilingPtC = 178
| Boiling_notes = [[sublimation (chemistry)|subl.]]
| pKa = -0.13–1.22 protonated caffeine<ref name="pKa">'''Harry G. Brittain, Richard J. Prankerd'''<br>Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, volume 33: Critical Compilation of pK<sub>a</sub> Values for Pharmaceutical Substances<br>''Academic Press'', 2007</ref>
| Dipole = 3.64 [[debye|D]] (calculated)

<!--Hazards-->
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc04/icsc0405.htm ICSC 0405]
| EUIndex = 613-086-00-5
| EUClass = Harmful ('''Xn''')
| RPhrases = {{R22}}
| SPhrases = {{S2}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| LD50 = 192 mg/kg (rat, oral)
}}

{{box|text=
　カフェインはメチルキサンチン類に属するアルカロイドである。紅茶、茶等に含まれるが、コーヒーに最も多い。中枢刺激作用を持つ。その作用機序としては、ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害作用、アデノシン受容体阻害作用などが知られている。}}