小胞グルタミン酸トランスポーターのソースを表示

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<font size="+1">[http://researchmap.jp/read0148418 高森 茂雄]</font><br>
''同志社大学　脳科学研究科''<br>
DOI：<selfdoi />　原稿受付日：2016年1月28日　原稿完成日：2016年2月7日<br>
担当編集委員：[http://researchmap.jp/haruokasai 河西 春郎]（東京大学 大学院医学系研究科）<br>
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英語名：vesicular glutamate transporter

英語略語名：VGLUT（ヴィ・グルット）

同義語：小胞性グルタミン酸トランスポーター、小胞型グルタミン酸トランスポーター

{{box|text=
　哺乳類中枢神経系における興奮性シナプス伝達の多くはグルタミン酸（glutamate, glutamic acid）を介して行なわれる。実に、哺乳類脳内の約8割のニューロンがグルタミン酸を放出する。グルタミン酸は、体内の全ての細胞内に比較的高濃度で存在しているため、ニューロンがグルタミン酸を放出するためには、分泌小胞であるシナプス小胞内腔にグルタミン酸が濃縮される必要がある。グルタミン酸をシナプス小胞に輸送するトランスポーターが小胞型グルタミン酸トランスポーター（VGLUT; vesicular glutamate transporter）であり、これまで哺乳類では3つのアイソフォームが同定されている。VGLUTは、液胞型プロトンATPaseによって形成されるプロトン電気化学勾配を駆動力として、グルタミン酸を小胞内に濃縮する。Na<sup>+</sup>勾配を駆動力としてグルタミン酸を輸送する形質膜型のグルタミン酸トランスポーターとはアミノ酸配列の相同性がない。近年、各VGLUTアイソフォームのノックアウトマウスの解析から、VGLUTがグルタミン酸放出に必須の因子であることや、各々のVGLUTを使ったグルタミン酸神経回路の生理的な重要性が明らかになってきた。
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{{GNF_Protein_box
 | Name = Solute carrier family 17 (vesicular glutamate transporter), member 7
 | image = 
 | image_source = 
 | PDB = 
 | HGNCid = 16704
 | MGIid = 
 | Symbol = SLC17A7
 | AltSymbols =; BNPI; VGLUT1
 | IUPHAR = 
 | ChEMBL = 
 | OMIM = 605208
 | ECnumber = 
 | Homologene = 113454
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SLC17A7_204230_s_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_SLC17A7_204229_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image3 = 
 | Protein_domain_image = 
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005313 |text = L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005315 |text = inorganic phosphate transmembrane transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008068 |text = extracellular-glutamate-gated chloride channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015319 |text = sodium:inorganic phosphate symporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015321 |text = sodium-dependent phosphate transmembrane transporter activity}}
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral component of membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030054 |text = cell junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030672 |text = synaptic vesicle membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0044300 |text = cerebellar mossy fiber}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048786 |text = presynaptic active zone}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0060076 |text = excitatory synapse}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0060203 |text = clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle membrane}}
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006811 |text = ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006817 |text = phosphate ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007268 |text = synaptic transmission}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007269 |text = neurotransmitter secretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007616 |text = long-term memory}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0014047 |text = glutamate secretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035249 |text = synaptic transmission, glutamatergic}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035435 |text = phosphate ion transmembrane transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035725 |text = sodium ion transmembrane transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042137 |text = sequestering of neurotransmitter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0044341 |text = sodium-dependent phosphate transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051938 |text = L-glutamate import}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0055085 |text = transmembrane transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0060079 |text = excitatory postsynaptic potential}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0089711 |text = L-glutamate transmembrane transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0097401 |text = synaptic vesicle lumen acidification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:1902476 |text = chloride transmembrane transport}}
 | Hs_EntrezGene = 57030
 | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000104888
 | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_020309
 | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_064705
 | Hs_GenLoc_db = hg38
 | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
 | Hs_GenLoc_start = 49429401
 | Hs_GenLoc_end = 49442360
 | Hs_Uniprot = Q9P2U7
 | Mm_EntrezGene = 72961
 | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000070570
 | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_182993
 | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_892038
 | Mm_GenLoc_db = mm10
 | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
 | Mm_GenLoc_start = 45163921
 | Mm_GenLoc_end = 45176138
 | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TXX4
 | path = PBB/57030
}}

{{GNF_Protein_box
 | Name = Solute carrier family 17 (vesicular glutamate transporter), member 8
 | image = 
 | image_source = 
 | PDB = 
 | HGNCid = 20151
 | MGIid = 3039629
 | Symbol = SLC17A8
 | AltSymbols =; DFNA25; VGLUT3
 | IUPHAR = yes
 | ChEMBL = 
 | OMIM = 607557
 | ECnumber = 
 | Homologene = 13584
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = 
 | GeneAtlas_image2 = 
 | GeneAtlas_image3 = 
 | Protein_domain_image = 
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005313 |text = L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015293 |text = symporter activity}}
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral component of membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030054 |text = cell junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030672 |text = synaptic vesicle membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043005 |text = neuron projection}}
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006811 |text = ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006814 |text = sodium ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006836 |text = neurotransmitter transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007605 |text = sensory perception of sound}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0055085 |text = transmembrane transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0089711 |text = L-glutamate transmembrane transport}}
 | Hs_EntrezGene = 246213
 | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000179520
 | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001145288
 | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001138760
 | Hs_GenLoc_db = hg38
 | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
 | Hs_GenLoc_start = 100357079
 | Hs_GenLoc_end = 100422059
 | Hs_Uniprot = Q8NDX2
 | Mm_EntrezGene = 216227
 | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000019935
 | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_182959
 | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_892004
 | Mm_GenLoc_db = mm10
 | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
 | Mm_GenLoc_start = 89574020
 | Mm_GenLoc_end = 89621253
 | Mm_Uniprot = Q8BFU8
 | path = PBB/246213
}}