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| ==参考文献== | | ==参考文献== |
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| 図の説明
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| 図1 眼球(左)・網膜(右)の断面の模式図。
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| 図2 桿体と錐体。魚類(コイ)の網膜から単離した桿体、錐体の写真と、それぞれの細胞の模式図を示す。なお、写真に示した単離細胞では、細胞体と神経終末が失われている。
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| 図3 視細胞の応答形成の分子メカニズム。光を受容した後に膜電位を過分極させ応答を引き起こす反応群(黄矢印)と、過分極した膜電位をもとに戻して細胞の応答を停止させる反応群(黒矢印)にわけられる。この仕組みは、桿体・錐体で共通であるが、反応によっては反応速度・効率が異なる場合がある。
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| 図4 桿体・錐体の光に対する応答の違い。
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| 上パネル、桿体と錐体(赤感受性錐体)の応答の記録。吸引電極法と呼ばれる方法により、外節の形質膜を横切って流入する電流を測定した。様々な強度の刺激光(フラッシュ光)に対する応答を重ね書きして示してある。刺激が強くなるにつれ、応答は大きくなる。錐体の応答は桿体より短い。応答が飽和すると、電流は0になる。(Copyright (2008) Elsevier)
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| 下パネル、コイの桿体及び錐体に与えた光の強度と応答のピークの大きさの関係をプロットした(刺激応答曲線)。桿体の方が錐体よりも弱い光で応答できる(すなわち、感度が高い)。(Copyright (2001) National Academy of Sciences)
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