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(ページの作成:「{{Drugbox | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477168837 | IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone | image = Ketamine2DCSD.svg | widt…」) |
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{{Drugbox | {{Drugbox | ||
| Watchedfields = changed | | Watchedfields = changed | ||
25行目: | 15行目: | ||
| licence_US = Ketamine | | licence_US = Ketamine | ||
| pregnancy_AU = B3 | | pregnancy_AU = B3 | ||
| pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ketamine.html</ref> | | pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web | title=Ketamine (Ketalar) Use During Pregnancy | website=Drugs.com | date=22 November 2019 | url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ketamine.html | access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref> | ||
| pregnancy_US = N | | pregnancy_US = N | ||
| pregnancy_US_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy" /> | | pregnancy_US_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy" /> | ||
34行目: | 24行目: | ||
| legal_US = Schedule III | | legal_US = Schedule III | ||
| legal_UN = Unscheduled | | legal_UN = Unscheduled | ||
| routes_of_administration = Any<ref> | | routes_of_administration = Any<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=RF |last2=Eccleston |first2=C |last3=Kalso |first3=EA |title=Ketamine as an adjuvant to opioids for cancer pain |journal=[[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]] |date=28 June 2017 |volume=6 |pages=CD003351 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003351.pub3 |pmid=28657160 |pmc=6481583 |url=http://opus.bath.ac.uk/57535/1/Published_Version.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moyse |first1=DW |last2=Kaye |first2=AD |last3=Diaz |first3=JH |last4=Qadri |first4=MY |last5=Lindsay |first5=D |last6=Pyati |first6=S |title=Perioperative Ketamine Administration for Thoracotomy Pain |journal=Pain Physician |date=March 2017 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=173–184 |pmid=28339431}}</ref><ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="MD" /> | ||
| addiction_liability = Low–moderate<ref name="NHM-PCP and ketamine"> | | addiction_liability = Low–moderate<ref name="NHM-PCP and ketamine">{{cite book |vauthors=Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE |veditors=Sydor A, Brown RY |title=Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience |year=2009 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical |location=New York |isbn=978-0-07-148127-4 | pages=374–375 |edition=2nd |chapter=Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders |quote=Phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) and ketamine (also known as special K) are structurally related drugs... their reinforcing properties and risks related to compulsive abuse}}</ref><!--Start widen drugbox--><br /> <!--End widen drugbox--> | ||
| class = [[NMDA receptor antagonists]]; [[General anesthetics]]; [[Dissociative hallucinogen]]s; [[Analgesic]]s; [[Antidepressant]]s | | class = [[NMDA receptor antagonists]]; [[General anesthetics]]; [[Dissociative hallucinogen]]s; [[Analgesic]]s; [[Antidepressant]]s | ||
42行目: | 32行目: | ||
* [[Intravenous therapy|Intravenous]]: 100%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | * [[Intravenous therapy|Intravenous]]: 100%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | ||
* [[Intramuscular injection|Intramuscular]]: 93%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | * [[Intramuscular injection|Intramuscular]]: 93%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | ||
* [[Subcutaneous injection|Subcutaneous]]: high<ref name="Mao2016"> | * [[Subcutaneous injection|Subcutaneous]]: high<ref name="Mao2016">{{cite book |author=Jianren Mao |title=Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VrvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 |date=19 April 2016 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-8900-4 |pages=127– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=_VrvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref> | ||
* [[Epidural administration|Epidural]]: 77%<ref name="Kintz2014"> | * [[Epidural administration|Epidural]]: 77%<ref name="Kintz2014">{{cite book |author=Pascal Kintz |title=Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-12-416969-2 |pages=87– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref> | ||
* [[Intranasal administration|Intranasal]]: 8–50%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="pmid29736744"> | * [[Intranasal administration|Intranasal]]: 8–50%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="pmid29736744">{{cite journal |vauthors=Molero P, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Martin-Santos R, Calvo-Sánchez E, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Meana JJ |title=Antidepressant Efficacy and Tolerability of Ketamine and Esketamine: A Critical Review |journal=CNS Drugs |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=411–420 |date=May 2018 |pmid=29736744 |doi=10.1007/s40263-018-0519-3 |url= }}</ref><ref name="sinner" /> | ||
* [[Sublingual administration|Sublingual]]: 24–30%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="Hashimoto2019"> | * [[Sublingual administration|Sublingual]]: 24–30%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="Hashimoto2019">{{cite journal|last1=Hashimoto|first1=Kenji|title=Rapid‐acting antidepressant ketamine, its metabolites and other candidates: A historical overview and future perspective|journal=Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences|volume=73|issue=10|year=2019|pages=613–627|issn=1323-1316|doi=10.1111/pcn.12902|pmid=31215725|pmc=6851782}}</ref> | ||
* [[Rectal administration|Rectal]]: 11–30%<ref name="Nemeroff2017"> | * [[Rectal administration|Rectal]]: 11–30%<ref name="Nemeroff2017">{{cite book |author1=Alan F. Schatzberg |author2=Charles B. Nemeroff |title=The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA550 |year=2017 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-523-9 |pages=550– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA550 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Zhang2018 /> | ||
* [[Oral administration|By mouth]]: 16–29%<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name="DickmanSchneider2016">{{cite book |author1=Andrew Dickman |author2=Jennifer Schneider |title=The Syringe Driver: Continuous Subcutaneous Infusions in Palliative Care |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbUSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |date=22 September 2016 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-873372-0 |pages=114– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=jbUSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Zhang2018 /> | |||
<ref name=Zhang2018 | | protein_bound = 12–47% (low)<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name="sinner" /><ref name="DowdJohnson2016" /> | ||
* [[Oral administration|By mouth]]: 16–29%<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name="DickmanSchneider2016"> | | metabolism = [[Liver]] ([[demethylation|''N''-demethylation]]):<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hijazi |first1=Y |last2=Boulieu |first2=R |title=Contribution of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 isoforms to N-demethylation of ketamine in human liver microsomes |journal=[[Drug Metabolism and Disposition]] |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=853–8 |date=July 2002 |pmid=12065445 |doi=10.1124/dmd.30.7.853|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/935c35b819e091b777788d99379fbb33bcc9e24f }}</ref> | ||
| protein_bound = 12–47% (low)<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name="sinner" /><ref name="DowdJohnson2016" | |||
| metabolism = [[Liver]] ([[demethylation|''N''-demethylation]]):<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref> | |||
* Major: [[CYP3A4]] | * Major: [[CYP3A4]] | ||
* Minor: [[CYP2B6]], [[CYP2C9]] | * Minor: [[CYP2B6]], [[CYP2C9]] | ||
61行目: | 49行目: | ||
| onset = | | onset = | ||
* Intravenous: seconds<ref name="sinner" /> | * Intravenous: seconds<ref name="sinner" /> | ||
* Intramuscular: 1–5 min<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="Quibell2011" | * Intramuscular: 1–5 min<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="Quibell2011" /> | ||
* Subcutaneous: 15–30 min<ref name="Quibell2011" /> | * Subcutaneous: 15–30 min<ref name="Quibell2011" /> | ||
* Insufflation: 5–10 min<ref name="sinner" /> | * Insufflation: 5–10 min<ref name="sinner" /> | ||
67行目: | 55行目: | ||
| elimination_half-life = | | elimination_half-life = | ||
* Ketamine: 2.5–3 hours<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | * Ketamine: 2.5–3 hours<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | ||
* Norketamine: 12 hours<ref name="Quibell2011" | * Norketamine: 12 hours<ref name="Quibell2011" /> | ||
| duration_of_action = | | duration_of_action = | ||
* Intramuscular: 0.5–2 hours<ref name="Quibell2011" /> | * Intramuscular: 0.5–2 hours<ref name="Quibell2011" /> | ||
99行目: | 87行目: | ||
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ||
| ChEMBL = 742 | | ChEMBL = 742 | ||
| synonyms = CI-581; CL-369; CM-52372-2<ref name="MortonHall2012" | | synonyms = CI-581; CL-369; CM-52372-2<ref name="MortonHall2012" /> | ||
<!--Chemical data--> | <!--Chemical data--> | ||
120行目: | 108行目: | ||
| alt=|caption=|type=|MedlinePlus=|licence_EU=|pregnancy_category= | | alt=|caption=|type=|MedlinePlus=|licence_EU=|pregnancy_category= | ||
}} | }} | ||
2020年7月9日 (木) 11:04時点における版
- ↑ Bell, RF; Eccleston, C; Kalso, EA (28 June 2017). "Ketamine as an adjuvant to opioids for cancer pain" (PDF). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6: CD003351. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003351.pub3. PMC 6481583. PMID 28657160.
- ↑ Moyse, DW; Kaye, AD; Diaz, JH; Qadri, MY; Lindsay, D; Pyati, S (March 2017). "Perioperative Ketamine Administration for Thoracotomy Pain". Pain Physician. 20 (3): 173–184. PMID 28339431.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 引用エラー: 無効な
<ref>
タグです。「MathewZarate2016
」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません - ↑ 引用エラー: 無効な
<ref>
タグです。「MD
」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません - ↑ Jianren Mao (19 April 2016). Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia. CRC Press. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-1-4200-8900-4. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Pascal Kintz (22 March 2014). Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes. Elsevier Science. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-0-12-416969-2. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
- ↑ Molero P, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Martin-Santos R, Calvo-Sánchez E, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Meana JJ (May 2018). "Antidepressant Efficacy and Tolerability of Ketamine and Esketamine: A Critical Review". CNS Drugs. 32 (5): 411–420. doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0519-3. PMID 29736744.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 引用エラー: 無効な
<ref>
タグです。「sinner
」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません - ↑ Hashimoto, Kenji (2019). "Rapid‐acting antidepressant ketamine, its metabolites and other candidates: A historical overview and future perspective". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 73 (10): 613–627. doi:10.1111/pcn.12902. ISSN 1323-1316. PMC 6851782. PMID 31215725.
- ↑ Alan F. Schatzberg; Charles B. Nemeroff (2017). The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 550–. ISBN 978-1-58562-523-9. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 引用エラー: 無効な
<ref>
タグです。「Zhang2018
」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません - ↑ Andrew Dickman; Jennifer Schneider (22 September 2016). The Syringe Driver: Continuous Subcutaneous Infusions in Palliative Care. Oxford University Press. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-0-19-873372-0. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
- ↑ 引用エラー: 無効な
<ref>
タグです。「DowdJohnson2016
」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません - ↑ Hijazi, Y; Boulieu, R (July 2002). "Contribution of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 isoforms to N-demethylation of ketamine in human liver microsomes". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 30 (7): 853–8. doi:10.1124/dmd.30.7.853. PMID 12065445.
- ↑ 引用エラー: 無効な
<ref>
タグです。「Quibell2011
」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません - ↑ 引用エラー: 無効な
<ref>
タグです。「MortonHall2012
」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません