「ケタミン」の版間の差分

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* [[Conjugation (biochemistry)|Conjugates]]<ref name="Levine2003">{{cite book |author=Barry Levine |title=Principles of Forensic Toxicology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7BInEQ-iqgC&pg=PA282 |year=2003 |publisher=[[American Association for Clinical Chemistry]] |isbn=978-1-890883-87-4 |pages=282– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=k7BInEQ-iqgC&pg=PA282 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref>
* [[Conjugation (biochemistry)|Conjugates]]<ref name="Levine2003">{{cite book |author=Barry Levine |title=Principles of Forensic Toxicology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7BInEQ-iqgC&pg=PA282 |year=2003 |publisher=[[American Association for Clinical Chemistry]] |isbn=978-1-890883-87-4 |pages=282– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=k7BInEQ-iqgC&pg=PA282 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref>
| onset =
| onset =
* Intravenous: seconds<ref name="sinner" />
* Intravenous: seconds<ref name="sinner" />
* Intramuscular: 1–5 min<ref name="sinner" /><Xref name="Quibell2011"><pubmed>21419322</pubmed></ref>
* Intramuscular: 1–5 min<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="Quibell2011"><pubmed>21419322</pubmed></ref>
* Subcutaneous: 15–30 min<ref name="Quibell2011"></ref>
* Subcutaneous: 15–30 min<ref name="Quibell2011"></ref>
* Insufflation: 5–10 min<ref name="sinner" />
* Insufflation: 5–10 min<ref name="sinner" />
* By mouth: 15–30 min<ref name="sinner" /><Xref name="Quibell2011" />
* By mouth: 15–30 min<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="Quibell2011" />
| elimination_half-life =
| elimination_half-life =
* Ketamine: 2.5–3 hours<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="MathewZarate2016" />
* Ketamine: 2.5–3 hours<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="MathewZarate2016" />
* Norketamine: 12 hours<Xref name="Quibell2011" />
* Norketamine: 12 hours<ref name="Quibell2011" />
| duration_of_action =
| duration_of_action =
* Intramuscular: 0.5–2 hours<Xref name="Quibell2011" />
* Intramuscular: 0.5–2 hours<ref name="Quibell2011" />
* Insufflation: 45–60 min<ref name="sinner" />
* Insufflation: 45–60 min<ref name="sinner" />
* By mouth: 1–6+ hours<ref name="sinner" /><Xref name="Quibell2011" />
* By mouth: 1–6+ hours<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="Quibell2011" />
| excretion =
| excretion =
* [[Urine]]: 91%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" />
* [[Urine]]: 91%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" />

2020年7月9日 (木) 16:06時点における版

ケタミン
(S)-Ketamine ball-and-stick model
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(RS)-2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone
Clinical data
Trade names Ketalar, others
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
Licence data US Daily Med:link
Pregnancy cat. B3 (AU) ? (US)
Legal status Controlled (S8) (AU) Schedule I (CA) ? (UK) Schedule III (US) ℞ Prescription only
Routes Any[1][2][3][4]
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability * Intravenous: 100%[3]
Protein binding 12–47% (low)[6][8][13]
Metabolism Liver (N-demethylation):[3][14]
Half-life * Ketamine: 2.5–3 hours[8][3]
  • Norketamine: 12 hours[15]
Excretion * Urine: 91%[3]
Identifiers
CAS number 6740-88-1 YesY
ATC code N01AX03
PubChem CID 3821
IUPHAR ligand 4233
DrugBank DB01221
ChemSpider 3689 YesY
UNII 690G0D6V8H YesY
KEGG D08098 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:6121 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL742 YesY
Synonyms CI-581; CL-369; CM-52372-2[16]
Chemical data
Formula C13H16ClNO 
Mol. mass 237.725
Physical data
Melt. point 258–261 °C (496–502 °F)
 YesY (what is this?)  (verify)
  1. ↑ Bell, R.F., Eccleston, C., & Kalso, E.A. (2017).
    Ketamine as an adjuvant to opioids for cancer pain. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 6, CD003351. [PubMed:28657160] [PMC] [WorldCat] [DOI]
  2. ↑ Moyse, D.W., Kaye, A.D., Diaz, J.H., Qadri, M.Y., Lindsay, D., & Pyati, S. (2017).
    Perioperative Ketamine Administration for Thoracotomy Pain. Pain physician, 20(3), 173-184. [PubMed:28339431] [WorldCat]
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Frohlich, J., & Van Horn, J.D. (2014).
    Reviewing the ketamine model for schizophrenia. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 28(4), 287-302. [PubMed:24257811] [PMC] [WorldCat] [DOI]
  4. ↑ Brayfield, A, ed. (9 January 2017). "Ketamine Hydrochloride: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference". MedicinesComplete. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  5. ↑ Jianren Mao (19 April 2016). Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia. CRC Press. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-1-4200-8900-4. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Pascal Kintz (22 March 2014). Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes. Elsevier Science. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-0-12-416969-2. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
  7. ↑ Molero, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Martin-Santos, R., Calvo-Sánchez, E., Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., & Meana, J.J. (2018).
    Antidepressant Efficacy and Tolerability of Ketamine and Esketamine: A Critical Review. CNS drugs, 32(5), 411-420. [PubMed:29736744] [WorldCat] [DOI]
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Sinner, B., & Graf, B.M. (2008).
    Ketamine. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, (182), 313-33. [PubMed:18175098] [WorldCat] [DOI]
  9. ↑ Hashimoto, K. (2019).
    Rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine, its metabolites and other candidates: A historical overview and future perspective. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 73(10), 613-627. [PubMed:31215725] [PMC] [WorldCat] [DOI]
  10. ↑ Alan F. Schatzberg; Charles B. Nemeroff (2017). The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 550–. ISBN 978-1-58562-523-9. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Zhang, K., & Hashimoto, K. (2019).
    An update on ketamine and its two enantiomers as rapid-acting antidepressants. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 19(1), 83-92. [PubMed:30513009] [WorldCat] [DOI]
  12. ↑ Andrew Dickman; Jennifer Schneider (22 September 2016). The Syringe Driver: Continuous Subcutaneous Infusions in Palliative Care. Oxford University Press. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-0-19-873372-0. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
  13. ↑ Frank J. Dowd; Bart Johnson; Angelo Mariotti (3 September 2016). Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry – E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 235–. ISBN 978-0-323-44595-5.
  14. ↑ Hijazi, Y., & Boulieu, R. (2002).
    Contribution of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 isoforms to N-demethylation of ketamine in human liver microsomes. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 30(7), 853-8. [PubMed:12065445] [WorldCat] [DOI]
  15. ↑ 引用エラー: 無効な <ref> タグです。「Quibell2011」という名前の注釈に対するテキストが指定されていません
  16. ↑ I.K. Morton; Judith M. Hall (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 159–. ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017.
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