「アパシー」の版間の差分

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46行目: 46行目:
| 剖検  
| 剖検  
| 神経原繊維変化  
| 神経原繊維変化  
| 前部帯状回<ref name=ref23><pubmed></pubmed></ref>
| 前部帯状回<ref name=ref23><pubmed>16391476</pubmed></ref>
|-
|-
| CT  
| CT  
| 病変  
| 病変  
| 基底核<ref name=ref24><pubmed></pubmed></ref>
| 基底核<ref name=ref24><pubmed>17131217</pubmed></ref>
|-
|-
| MRI  
| MRI  
| 体積減少  
| 体積減少  
| 前部帯状回<ref name=ref25><pubmed></pubmed></ref><br>前頭葉<ref name=ref26><pubmed></pubmed></ref><br>側坐核<ref name=ref27><pubmed></pubmed></ref>
| 前部帯状回<ref name=ref25><pubmed>17463189</pubmed></ref><br>前頭葉<ref name=ref26><pubmed>   14702265</pubmed></ref><br>側坐核<ref name=ref27><pubmed>15939969</pubmed></ref>
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 高輝度領域  
| 高輝度領域  
| 前頭—皮質下回路<ref name=ref28><pubmed></pubmed></ref><br>右半球<ref name=ref28 />
| 前頭—皮質下回路<ref name=ref28><pubmed>16202190</pubmed></ref><br>右半球<ref name=ref28 />
|-
|-
| MR spectroscopy  
| MR spectroscopy  
| NAA/Cr比率低下  
| NAA/Cr比率低下  
| 前頭葉<ref name=ref29><pubmed></pubmed></ref>
| 前頭葉<ref name=ref29><pubmed>16084528</pubmed></ref>
|-
|-
| PET  
| PET  
| 血流減少  
| 血流減少  
| 基底核<ref name=ref30><pubmed></pubmed></ref><br>背外側前頭前野<ref name=ref30 />
| 基底核<ref name=ref30><pubmed>11207330</pubmed></ref><br>背外側前頭前野<ref name=ref30 />
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 代謝低下  
| 代謝低下  
| 前頭葉<ref name=ref31><pubmed></pubmed></ref>
| 前頭葉<ref name=ref31><pubmed>15668960</pubmed></ref>
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|-
|  
|  
| ドーパミン／ノルアドレナリン　トランスポーター結合能低下  
| ドーパミン／ノルアドレナリン　トランスポーター結合能低下  
| 腹側線条体<ref name=ref32><pubmed></pubmed></ref>
| 腹側線条体<ref name=ref32><pubmed>15716302</pubmed></ref>
|-
|-
| SPECT  
| SPECT  
| 血流低下  
| 血流低下  
| 帯状回<ref name=ref33><pubmed></pubmed></ref><br>前頭葉<ref name=ref34><pubmed></pubmed></ref><br>前頭前野<ref name=ref35><pubmed></pubmed></ref><br>前頭葉眼窩面<ref name=ref36><pubmed></pubmed></ref><br>側頭葉<ref name=ref35 />
| 帯状回<ref name=ref33><pubmed>11304085</pubmed></ref><br>前頭葉<ref name=ref34><pubmed>16834702</pubmed></ref><br>前頭前野<ref name=ref35><pubmed>8912484</pubmed></ref><br>前頭葉眼窩面<ref name=ref36><pubmed>   17565215</pubmed></ref><br>側頭葉<ref name=ref35 />
|-
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|  
|  
| ドーパミン　トランスポーター取込低下  
| ドーパミン　トランスポーター取込低下  
| 被殻<ref name=ref37><pubmed></pubmed></ref>
| 被殻<ref name=ref37><pubmed>17900799</pubmed></ref>
|}
|}


91行目: 91行目:


<references />
<references />
23) Marshall GA, Fairbanks LA, Tekin S, Vinters HV, Cummings JL. <br>Neuropathologic correlates of apathy in Alzheimer's disease.<br>Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006, 21&nbsp;:144-7.
24) Hama S, Yamashita H, Shigenobu M, Watanabe A, Kurisu K, Yamawaki S, Kitaoka T. <br>Post-stroke affective or apathetic depression and lesion location: left frontal lobe and bilateral basal ganglia.<br>Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2007, 257&nbsp;:149-52.
25) Lavretsky H, Ballmaier M, Pham D, Toga A, Kumar A. <br>Neuroanatomical characteristics of geriatric apathy and depression: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007, 15&nbsp;:386-94.
26) Roth RM, Flashman LA, Saykin AJ, McAllister TW, Vidaver R.<br>Apathy in schizophrenia: reduced frontal lobe volume and neuropsychological deficits.<br>Am J Psychiatry. 2004, 161&nbsp;:157-9.
27) Paul RH, Brickman AM, Navia B, Hinkin C, Malloy PF, Jefferson AL, Cohen RA, Tate DF, Flanigan TP.<br>Apathy is associated with volume of the nucleus accumbens in patients infected with HIV.<br>J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005, 17&nbsp;:167-71.
28) Brodaty H, Sachdev PS, Withall A, Altendorf A, Valenzuela MJ, Lorentz L.<br>Frequency and clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging correlates of apathy following stroke - the Sydney Stroke Study.<br>Psychol Med. 2005, 35&nbsp;:1707-16.
29) Glodzik-Sobanska L, Slowik A, Kieltyka A, Kozub J, Sobiecka B, Urbanik A, Szczudlik A.<br>Reduced prefrontal N-acetylaspartate in stroke patients with apathy.<br>J Neurol Sci. 2005, 238&nbsp;:19-24.
30) Lopez OL, Zivkovic S, Smith G, Becker JT, Meltzer CC, DeKosky ST.<br>Psychiatric symptoms associated with cortical-subcortical dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.<br>J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001, 13&nbsp;:56-60.
31) Franceschi M, Anchisi D, Pelati O, Zuffi M, Matarrese M, Moresco RM, Fazio F, Perani D. <br>Glucose metabolism and serotonin receptors in the frontotemporal lobe degeneration. Ann Neurol. 2005, 7&nbsp;:216-25.
32) Remy P, Doder M, Lees A, Turjanski N, Brooks D.<br>Depression in Parkinson's disease: loss of dopamine and noradrenaline innervation in the limbic system.<br>Brain. 2005, 128&nbsp;:1314-22.
33) Migneco O, Benoit M, Koulibaly PM, Dygai I, Bertogliati C, Desvignes P, Robert PH, Malandain G, Bussiere F, Darcourt J.<br>Perfusion brain SPECT and statistical parametric mapping analysis indicate that apathy is a cingulate syndrome: a study in Alzheimer's disease and nondemented patients.<br>Neuroimage. 2001, 13&nbsp;:896-902.
34) Robert PH, Darcourt G, Koulibaly MP, Clairet S, Benoit M, Garcia R, Dechaux O, Darcourt J.<br>Lack of initiative and interest in Alzheimer's disease: a single photon emission computed tomography study.<br>Eur J Neurol. 2006, 13&nbsp;:729-35.
35) Craig AH, Cummings JL, Fairbanks L, Itti L, Miller BL, Li J, Mena I.<br>Cerebral blood flow correlates of apathy in Alzheimer disease.<br>Arch Neurol. 1996, 53&nbsp;:1116-20.
36) Lanctôt KL, Moosa S, Herrmann N, Leibovitch FS, Rothenburg L, Cotter A, Black SE. <br>A SPECT study of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2007, 24&nbsp;:65-72.
37) David R, Koulibaly M, Benoit M, Garcia R, Caci H, Darcourt J, Robert P. <br>Striatal dopamine transporter levels correlate with apathy in neurodegenerative diseases A SPECT study with partial volume effect correction. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008 , 110&nbsp;:19-24.




（執筆者：山下英尚　担当編集委員：高橋良輔）
（執筆者：山下英尚　担当編集委員：高橋良輔）
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