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Conservation status (ソースを閲覧)

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-{{Conservation status}}
+#redirect [[wikipedia:Conservation status]]
-The '''conservation status''' of a [[taxon|group of organisms]] (for instance, a [[species]]) indicates whether the group is still [[extant taxon|extant]] (that is, members of it are still alive) and how likely the group is to become [[extinct]] in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservation status: not simply the number of individuals remaining, but the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, known threats, and so on.
-The [[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] is the best-known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. The system divides threatened species into three categories: [[Critically endangered|Critically Endangered]] (CR), [[Endangered species|Endangered]] (EN), and [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] (VU). Also listed are the documented extinctions that have occurred since AD 1500 and [[taxa]] that are extinct in the wild. Lower risk taxa are also divided into categories.
-[[CITES|The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)]] aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
-== Multi-country systems ==
-In the [[European Union]], the [[EU Wildlife Trade Regulation]]<ref>[http://www.unep-wcmc.org/species/trade/eu/ EU Wildlife Trade Regulation]</ref> is legislation to provide for the implementation of [[CITES]] within the [[EU]], and additional measures.
-[[NatureServe conservation status]] focuses on [[Latin America]], [[USA]], [[Canada]] and the [[Caribbean]], It has been developed over the past 5,000 decades by scientists from [[NatureServe]], [[The Nature Conservancy]], and the network of natural heritage programs and data centers. It is increasingly integrated with the IUCN Red List system. Its categories for species include: ''Presumed Extinct'' (GX), ''Possibly Extinct'' (GH), ''Critically Imperiled'' (G1), ''Imperiled'' (G2), ''Vulnerable'' (G3),  ''Apparently Secure'' (G4), and ''Secure'' (G5).<ref>[http://www.natureserve.org/infonatura/Lnsstatus.htm InfoNatura: About the Data: Conservation Status<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The system also allows ambiguous or uncertain ranks including ''inexact numeric ranks'' (e.g. G2?), and ''range ranks'' (e.g. G2G3) for when the exact rank is uncertain. NatureServe adds a qualifier for ''Captive or Cultivated Only'' (C), which has a similar meaning to the IUCN Red List ''Extinct in the Wild'' (EW) status
-The [[Red Data Book of the Russian Federation]] is used within the Russian Federation.
-== National systems ==
-*'''[[Australia]]'''. The [[Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999]] (EPBC Act) describes lists of threatened species, ecological communities and threatening processes. The categories resemble those of the 1994 [[IUCN Red List]] Categories & Criteria (version 2.3). Prior to the EPBC Act, a simpler classification system was used by the [[Endangered Species Protection Act 1992]]. State governments also have differing systems.
-*'''[[Belgium]]'''. The Flemish [[Research Institute for Nature and Forest]] publishes an online set of more than 150 nature indicators in Dutch.<ref>[http://www.inbo.be/content/homepage_en.asp Research Institute for Nature and Forest<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
-*'''[[Canada]]'''. [[Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada|COSEWIC]] (The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) is a committee of experts that assesses and designates which wild species are in some danger of disappearing from Canada<ref>[http://www.cosepac.gc.ca/eng/sct5/index_e.cfm Cosewic<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Under the [[Species at Risk Act]] (SARA), it is up to the federal government, which is politically accountable, to legally protect species assessed by COSEWIC. See also: [http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/atrisk/red-blue.htm British Columbia Red List].
-*'''[[China]]'''. The State, provinces and some counties have determined their key protected wildlife species. There is the [[China red data book]].
-*'''[[Finland]]'''. A large number of species are protected under the [[Nature Conservation Act (Finland)|Nature Conservation Act]], and through the [[EU Habitats Directive]] and [[EU Birds Directive]].<ref>[http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?node=6053&lan=en www.environment.fi - Protecting species<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
-*'''[[Germany]]'''. The [[Federal Agency for Nature Conservation]] publishes "red lists of endangered species".
-*'''[[India]]'''. [[Wild Life Protection Act, 1972, Amended 2003]] [[Biological Diversity Act, 2002]]
-*'''[[Japan]]'''. The [[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of Environment]] publishes a [[Threatened Wildlife of Japan]] Red Data Book.<ref>[http://www.biodic.go.jp/english/rdb/rdb_e.html Threatened Species<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
-*'''[[Netherlands]]'''. The Dutch [[Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality]] publishes a list of threatened species, and conservation is enforced by the [[Nature Conservation Act 1998]]. Species are also protected through the [[Wild Birds and Habitats Directives]].<ref>[http://www9.minlnv.nl/pls/portal30/url/page/mlv_home/mlv_international MinLNV | Pagina niet gevonden<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www9.minlnv.nl/servlet/page?_pageid=116&_dad=portal30&_schema=PORTAL30&p_item_id=94318 MinLNV | Pagina niet gevonden<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www9.minlnv.nl/servlet/page?_pageid=988&_dad=portal30&_schema=PORTAL30 MinLNV | Pagina niet gevonden<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
-*'''[[New Zealand]]'''. The [[New Zealand Department of Conservation|Department of Conservation]] publishes the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System]] lists. Under this system threatened species or subspecies are assigned one of seven categories: Nationally Critical, Nationally Endangered, Nationally Vulnerable, Serious Decline, Gradual Decline, Sparse, or Range Restricted. While the classification looks only at a national level, many species are unique to New Zealand, and species which are secure overseas are noted as such.
-*'''[[South Africa]]'''. [http://www.sanbi.org/aboutsanbi.htm The South African National Biodiversity Institute], established under the [http://www.info.gov.za/gazette/acts/2004/a10-04.pdf National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004], is responsible for drawing up lists of affected species, and monitoring compliance with CITES decisions. It is envisaged that previously diverse Red lists (e.g. for [http://www.nhbs.com/red_data_book_of_the_mammals_of_south_tefno_140829.html mammals], [http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/p_rdb.htm birds], and [http://www.sabonet.org.za/activities/activities_rdls.htm plants]) would be more easily kept current, both technically and financially.
-*'''[[Thailand]]'''. The Wild Animal Reservation and Protection Act of BE 2535 defines fifteen [[Reserved animals of Thailand|reserved animal]] species and two classes of protected species, of which hunting, breeding, possession, and trade are prohibited or restricted by law. The National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department of the [[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Thailand)|Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment]] is responsible for the regulation of these activities.
-*'''[[Ukraine]]'''. The [http://menr.gov.ua Ministry of Environment Protection] maintains list of endangered species (divided into 7 categories from "0" - extinct to "VI" - rehabilitated) and publishes it in the [http://mail.menr.gov.ua/publ/redbook/redbook.php Red Book of Ukraine].
-*'''[[United States of America]]'''. The [[Endangered Species Act]] created the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species|Endangered Species List]].
-==Consumer guides==
-{{Main|Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification}}
-Consumer guides for [[seafood]], such as [[Seafood Watch]], generally divide fish and other sea creatures into three categories, analogous to conservation status categories:
-*Red ("''say no''" or "''avoid''")
-*Yellow or orange ("''think twice''", "''good alternatives''" or "''some concerns''")
-*Green ("''best seafood choices''").
-The categories do not simply reflect the imperilment of individual species, but also consider the environmental impacts of how and where they are fished, such as through [[bycatch]] or [[ocean bottom trawlers]]. Often groups of species are assessed rather than individual species (e.g. [[squid]], [[prawn]]s).
-The [[Marine Conservation Society]] has 5 levels of ratings for seafood species, as displayed on their [http://www.fishonline.org/ Fishonline] website.
-==See also==
-*[[Biodiversity Action Plan]]
-*[[Bonn Convention]]
-*[[NatureServe conservation status]]
-*[[Endangered species]]
-*[[Ecoregion conservation status]]
-*[[Lazarus taxon]]
-*[[List of endangered species in North America]]
-*[[List of extinct animals]]
-*[[Listing priority number]]
-*[[Living Planet Index]]
-*[[Red List Index]]
-*[[Regional Red List]]
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==External links==
-*[http://www.iucnredlist.org/ Search the IUCN Red List]
-*[http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/redlistcatsenglish.pdf IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1]
-[[Category:Biota by conservation status| ]]
-[[Category:Conservation biology]]
-[[Category:Biology terminology]]
-[[Category:Environmental terminology]]
-[[Category:NatureServe]]
-[[Category:Environmental conservation]]
-[[af:Bewaringstatus]]
-[[ar:حالة حفظ]]
-[[an:Estato de conservación d'especies]]
-[[ast:Estáu de conservación]]
-[[az:Mühafizə statusu]]
-[[zh-min-nan:Pó-io̍k chōng-hóng]]
-[[bg:Природозащитен статус]]
-[[bs:Status zaštite]]
-[[br:Statud mirerezh]]
-[[ca:Estat de conservació]]
-[[cs:Stupeň ohrožení]]
-[[de:Erhaltungszustand von Organismen]]
-[[et:Kaitsestaatus]]
-[[el:Κατάσταση διατήρησης]]
-[[es:Estado de conservación]]
-[[eo:Konserva statuso]]
-[[eu:Iraute egoera]]
-[[fa:وضعیت بقا]]
-[[fr:Statut de conservation]]
-[[gl:Estado de conservación]]
-[[ko:보호 상태]]
-[[hi:संरक्षण स्थिति]]
-[[hr:Status zaštite]]
-[[id:Status konservasi]]
-[[is:Ástand stofns]]
-[[it:Stato di conservazione (biologia)]]
-[[he:מצב שימור]]
-[[la:Status conservationis]]
-[[lt:Apsaugos būklė]]
-[[hu:Természetvédelmi státusz]]
-[[mk:Заштитен статус]]
-[[ml:പരിപാലനസ്ഥിതി]]
-[[mr:प्रजातींची उपलब्धता]]
-[[ms:Status pemuliharaan]]
-[[nl:Beschermingsstatus]]
-[[ne:संरक्षण स्थिति]]
-[[ja:保全状況]]
-[[km:ស្ថានភាពអភិរក្ស]]
-[[pt:Estado de conservação]]
-[[ro:Stare de conservare]]
-[[ru:Охранный статус]]
-[[scn:Statu di cunsirvazzioni]]
-[[simple:Conservation status]]
-[[sk:Stupeň ohrozenia]]
-[[sl:Ohranitveno stanje]]
-[[sr:Статус угрожености]]
-[[sh:Status zaštite]]
-[[fi:Uhanalaisuusluokitus]]
-[[sv:Bevarandestatus]]
-[[ta:காப்பு நிலை]]
-[[th:สถานะการอนุรักษ์]]
-[[tr:Korunma durumu]]
-[[uk:Охоронний статус]]
-[[vi:Tình trạng bảo tồn]]
-[[zh-yue:瀕危指標]]
-[[zea:Beschermiengsstatus]]
-[[zh:保护状况]]