16,039
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「ケタミン」の版間の差分
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| 24行目: | 24行目: | ||
| legal_US = Schedule III | | legal_US = Schedule III | ||
| legal_UN = Unscheduled | | legal_UN = Unscheduled | ||
| routes_of_administration = Any<ref><pubmed>28657160</pubmed></ref><ref><pubmed> 28339431 </pubmed></ref><ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="MD" /> | | routes_of_administration = Any<ref><pubmed>28657160</pubmed></ref><ref><pubmed> 28339431 </pubmed></ref><ref name="MathewZarate2016"><pubmed>24257811 </pubmed></ref><ref name="MD">{{cite web|title=Ketamine Hydrochloride: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference|date=9 January 2017|accessdate=24 August 2017|editor=Brayfield, A|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|website=MedicinesComplete|url=https://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/martindale/current/ms-3114-h.htm|location=London, UK}}</ref> | ||
| addiction_liability = Low–moderate<ref name="NHM-PCP and ketamine">{{cite book |vauthors=Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE |veditors=Sydor A, Brown RY |title=Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience |year=2009 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical |location=New York |isbn=978-0-07-148127-4 | pages=374–375 |edition=2nd |chapter=Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders |quote=Phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) and ketamine (also known as special K) are structurally related drugs... their reinforcing properties and risks related to compulsive abuse}}</ref><!--Start widen drugbox--><br /> <!--End widen drugbox--> | | addiction_liability = Low–moderate<ref name="NHM-PCP and ketamine">{{cite book |vauthors=Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE |veditors=Sydor A, Brown RY |title=Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience |year=2009 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical |location=New York |isbn=978-0-07-148127-4 | pages=374–375 |edition=2nd |chapter=Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders |quote=Phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) and ketamine (also known as special K) are structurally related drugs... their reinforcing properties and risks related to compulsive abuse}}</ref><!--Start widen drugbox--><br /> <!--End widen drugbox--> | ||
| class = [[NMDA receptor antagonists]]; [[General anesthetics]]; [[Dissociative hallucinogen]]s; [[Analgesic]]s; [[Antidepressant]]s | | class = [[NMDA receptor antagonists]]; [[General anesthetics]]; [[Dissociative hallucinogen]]s; [[Analgesic]]s; [[Antidepressant]]s | ||
| 34行目: | 34行目: | ||
* [[Subcutaneous injection|Subcutaneous]]: high<ref name="Mao2016">{{cite book |author=Jianren Mao |title=Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VrvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 |date=19 April 2016 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-8900-4 |pages=127– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=_VrvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref> | * [[Subcutaneous injection|Subcutaneous]]: high<ref name="Mao2016">{{cite book |author=Jianren Mao |title=Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VrvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 |date=19 April 2016 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-8900-4 |pages=127– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=_VrvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref> | ||
* [[Epidural administration|Epidural]]: 77%<ref name="Kintz2014">{{cite book |author=Pascal Kintz |title=Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-12-416969-2 |pages=87– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref> | * [[Epidural administration|Epidural]]: 77%<ref name="Kintz2014">{{cite book |author=Pascal Kintz |title=Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-12-416969-2 |pages=87– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref> | ||
* [[Intranasal administration|Intranasal]]: 8–50%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="pmid29736744"> 29736744</ref><ref name="sinner" /> | * [[Intranasal administration|Intranasal]]: 8–50%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="pmid29736744"><pubmed> 29736744</pubmed></ref><ref name="sinner"><pubmed> 18175098 </pubmed></ref> | ||
* [[Sublingual administration|Sublingual]]: 24–30%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="Hashimoto2019"><pubmed>31215725</pubmed></ref> | * [[Sublingual administration|Sublingual]]: 24–30%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="Hashimoto2019"><pubmed>31215725</pubmed></ref> | ||
* [[Rectal administration|Rectal]]: 11–30%<ref name="Nemeroff2017">{{cite book |author1=Alan F. Schatzberg |author2=Charles B. Nemeroff |title=The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA550 |year=2017 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-523-9 |pages=550– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA550 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Zhang2018 /> | * [[Rectal administration|Rectal]]: 11–30%<ref name="Nemeroff2017">{{cite book |author1=Alan F. Schatzberg |author2=Charles B. Nemeroff |title=The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA550 |year=2017 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-523-9 |pages=550– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA550 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Zhang2018><pubmed> 30513009</pubmed> </ref> | ||
* [[Oral administration|By mouth]]: 16–29%<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name="DickmanSchneider2016">{{cite book |author1=Andrew Dickman |author2=Jennifer Schneider |title=The Syringe Driver: Continuous Subcutaneous Infusions in Palliative Care |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbUSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |date=22 September 2016 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-873372-0 |pages=114– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=jbUSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Zhang2018 /> | * [[Oral administration|By mouth]]: 16–29%<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name="DickmanSchneider2016">{{cite book |author1=Andrew Dickman |author2=Jennifer Schneider |title=The Syringe Driver: Continuous Subcutaneous Infusions in Palliative Care |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbUSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |date=22 September 2016 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-873372-0 |pages=114– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=jbUSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Zhang2018 /> | ||
| protein_bound = 12–47% (low)<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name="sinner" /><ref name="DowdJohnson2016" /> | | protein_bound = 12–47% (low)<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name="sinner" /><ref name="DowdJohnson2016">{{cite book|author1=Frank J. Dowd|author2=Bart Johnson|author3=Angelo Mariotti|title=Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry – E-Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xT7DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235|date=3 September 2016|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-44595-5|pages=235–}}</ref> | ||
| metabolism = [[Liver]] ([[demethylation|''N''-demethylation]]):<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref><pubmed>12065445</pubmed></ref> | | metabolism = [[Liver]] ([[demethylation|''N''-demethylation]]):<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref><pubmed>12065445</pubmed></ref> | ||
* Major: [[CYP3A4]] | * Major: [[CYP3A4]] | ||
| 49行目: | 49行目: | ||
| onset = | | onset = | ||
* Intravenous: seconds<ref name="sinner" /> | * Intravenous: seconds<ref name="sinner" /> | ||
* Intramuscular: 1–5 min<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="Quibell2011" /> | * Intramuscular: 1–5 min<ref name="sinner" /><ref name="Quibell2011"><pubmed>21419322</pubmed></ref> | ||
* Subcutaneous: 15–30 min<ref name="Quibell2011" /> | * Subcutaneous: 15–30 min<ref name="Quibell2011" /> | ||
* Insufflation: 5–10 min<ref name="sinner" /> | * Insufflation: 5–10 min<ref name="sinner" /> | ||
| 87行目: | 87行目: | ||
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ||
| ChEMBL = 742 | | ChEMBL = 742 | ||
| synonyms = CI-581; CL-369; CM-52372-2<ref name="MortonHall2012" /> | | synonyms = CI-581; CL-369; CM-52372-2<ref name="MortonHall2012">{{cite book |author1=I.K. Morton |author2=Judith M. Hall |title=Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsjrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA159 |date=6 December 2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-011-4439-1 |pages=159– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411144623/https://books.google.com/books?id=tsjrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA159 |archivedate=11 April 2017 }}</ref> | ||
<!--Chemical data--> | <!--Chemical data--> | ||