16,039
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「ケタミン」の版間の差分
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| legal_UN = Unscheduled | | legal_UN = Unscheduled | ||
| routes_of_administration = Any<ref><pubmed>28657160</pubmed></ref><ref><pubmed> 28339431 </pubmed></ref><ref name="MathewZarate2016"><pubmed>24257811 </pubmed></ref><ref name="MD">{{cite web|title=Ketamine Hydrochloride: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference|date=9 January 2017|accessdate=24 August 2017|editor=Brayfield, A|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|website=MedicinesComplete|url=https://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/martindale/current/ms-3114-h.htm|location=London, UK}}</ref> | | routes_of_administration = Any<ref><pubmed>28657160</pubmed></ref><ref><pubmed> 28339431 </pubmed></ref><ref name="MathewZarate2016"><pubmed>24257811 </pubmed></ref><ref name="MD">{{cite web|title=Ketamine Hydrochloride: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference|date=9 January 2017|accessdate=24 August 2017|editor=Brayfield, A|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|website=MedicinesComplete|url=https://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/martindale/current/ms-3114-h.htm|location=London, UK}}</ref> | ||
| addiction_liability = Low–moderate<ref name="NHM-PCP and ketamine"> | | addiction_liability = Low–moderate<ref name="NHM-PCP and ketamine">'''Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE'''<br>Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders |quote=Phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) and ketamine (also known as special K) are structurally related drugs... their reinforcing properties and risks related to compulsive abuse<br>edited by Sydor A, Brown RY, Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience 2nd ed. pp. 374–375 (2009) McGraw-Hill Medical, New York</ref><!--Start widen drugbox--><br /> <!--End widen drugbox--> | ||
| class = [[NMDA receptor antagonists]]; [[General anesthetics]]; [[Dissociative hallucinogen]]s; [[Analgesic]]s; [[Antidepressant]]s | | class = [[NMDA receptor antagonists]]; [[General anesthetics]]; [[Dissociative hallucinogen]]s; [[Analgesic]]s; [[Antidepressant]]s | ||
| 32行目: | 32行目: | ||
* [[Intravenous therapy|Intravenous]]: 100%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | * [[Intravenous therapy|Intravenous]]: 100%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | ||
* [[Intramuscular injection|Intramuscular]]: 93%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | * [[Intramuscular injection|Intramuscular]]: 93%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> | ||
* [[Subcutaneous injection|Subcutaneous]]: high<ref name="Mao2016"> | * [[Subcutaneous injection|Subcutaneous]]: high<ref name="Mao2016">'''Jianren Mao'''<br>Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia <br>CRC Press, April 2016</ref> | ||
* [[Epidural administration|Epidural]]: 77%<ref name="Kintz2014">{{cite book |author=Pascal Kintz |title=Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-12-416969-2 |pages=87– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref> | * [[Epidural administration|Epidural]]: 77%<ref name="Kintz2014">{{cite book |author=Pascal Kintz |title=Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-12-416969-2 |pages=87– |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |archivedate=8 September 2017 }}</ref> | ||
* [[Intranasal administration|Intranasal]]: 8–50%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="pmid29736744"><pubmed> 29736744</pubmed></ref><ref name="sinner"><pubmed> 18175098 </pubmed></ref> | * [[Intranasal administration|Intranasal]]: 8–50%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="pmid29736744"><pubmed> 29736744</pubmed></ref><ref name="sinner"><pubmed> 18175098 </pubmed></ref> | ||