補足運動野(supplementary motor area, SMA)とは大脳皮質前頭葉のうちBrodmann分類の6野内側部を占める皮質運動領野である。Penfield, Welchによって初めてその存在が報告され、それまでに知られていた一次運動野に対して、もう一つの補足的な皮質運動領野であるという意味を込めて命名された。しかしその後の研究によって補足運動野は運動制御において一次運動野とは異なる固有の役割(例、自発的な運動の開始、異なる複数の運動を特定の順序に従って実行する、両手の協調動作など)を果たしていることが明らかにされている。なお、当初補足運動野は6野内側部全体を占めていると考えられていたが、現在では補足運動野は6野内側部後方を占める一方、6野内側部前方部は前補足運動野として区別される。このため、補足運動野は前補足運動野との区別を強調する意図でcaudal SMA, SMA properなどと呼ばれることもある。
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