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| 英語名:fear conditioning | | 英語名:fear conditioning |
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| | [[image:恐怖条件付けの図.jpg|thumb|350px|図.'''恐怖条件付けの概略'''<br>恐怖文脈条件付けでは(上段)、チャンバー(文脈)が条件刺激、電気ショックが非条件刺激となる。一方、恐怖音条件付けでは(下段)、ブザー音が条件刺激となる。]] |
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| == 古典的条件付け == | | == 古典的条件付け == |
| 「パブロフ型条件付け」とも言われ、ロシアの生理学者イワン・パブロフによる「パブロフの犬」が有名である。パブロフの実験では、ベルを鳴らしてから犬にエサを与える繰り返しにより、犬がベルの音に反応してよだれを出すようになる条件反射の現象が見いだされた。このような条件付けでは、ベルの音が条件刺激(conditioned stimulus; CS)であり、一方、エサが非条件刺激(unconditioned stimulus; US)である。犬はエサを与えられないにも関わらず、条件刺激(ベルの音)に反応して、エサを目の前にした時の生理的な反応(よだれを出すこと)を示すようになった。古典的条件付けでは、条件刺激と非条件刺激が時間的に接近して提示される。また、条件付けでは、非条件刺激が提示されない状況で、条件刺激のみが持続的に、または、繰り返し提示され続けると、条件刺激に対する反応が見られなくなる条件付け反応の「消去」が起こる。 | | 「パブロフ型条件付け」とも言われ、ロシアの生理学者イワン・パブロフによる「パブロフの犬」が有名である。パブロフの実験では、ベルを鳴らしてから犬にエサを与える繰り返しにより、犬がベルの音に反応してよだれを出すようになる条件反射の現象が見いだされた。このような条件付けでは、ベルの音が条件刺激(conditioned stimulus; CS)であり、一方、エサが非条件刺激(unconditioned stimulus; US)である。犬はエサを与えられないにも関わらず、条件刺激(ベルの音)に反応して、エサを目の前にした時の生理的な反応(よだれを出すこと)を示すようになった。古典的条件付けでは、条件刺激と非条件刺激が時間的に接近して提示される。また、条件付けでは、非条件刺激が提示されない状況で、条件刺激のみが持続的に、または、繰り返し提示され続けると、条件刺激に対する反応が見られなくなる条件付け反応の「消去」が起こる。 |
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| == 参考文献 == | | == 参考文献 == |
| <references /> | | <references /> |
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| 図の説明
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| 恐怖条件付けの概略
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| 恐怖文脈条件付けでは(上段)、チャンバー(文脈)が条件刺激、電気ショックが非条件刺激となる。一方、恐怖音条件付けでは(下段)、ブザー音が条件刺激となる。
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